geniş ünlü---->  wide vowel

a,e,o,ö

gerçek özne --->  logical subject  

In the sentences with passive verbs if the subject  is not obvious then it  can be found by following the logic. Such as ;

 Bu sahada bugün maç yapılmadı ---> On this pitch no match has performed today.

 In the sentence above the subject is hidden but we can find it by following logic.

 On this pitch no match performed [by footballers] today.

 Match has to perform by footballers [ thinking the football as it is most common sport in Turkey].

 So logical subject here is footballers.

gereklik kipi ---->  necessitative  

- meli ,  - malı -----> it is like "must" , " should"

Gitmeliyim ---> I must go.

Git + meli + y + im

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Bir kitap yazmalısın ---> You should write a book.

Yaz + malı + sın

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gösterme adılı [ işaret zamiri ]---->  demonstrative pronoun  

Bu                    Bunlar

Şu                    Şunlar

O                     Onlar

gösterme belirteci [ işaret zarfı ]------> Demonstrative adverb

İşte buyrun ---> Here you are.

İşte fişiniz --> Here [it is ] your receipt.

İşte bu bizim ev ---> Here it is our house.

gösterme sıfatı [ işaret sıfatı  ]---> demonstrative adjective

Bu defter ---> This notebook.

Şu kadın  ----> That woman.

O çocuk -----> That child.

hece----> syllable

ek-mek ---> ekmek [ 2 syllable]

a-ra-ba ----> araba [ 3 syllable]

Türk-çe -----> Türkçe [ 2 syllable]

Türk --------> Türk [ 1 syllable ]

hece yutumu [hece düşmesi ] ----> syllable dropping

Cuma + ertesi --> [ -e drops] Cumartesi

Pazar + ertesi --> [ -e drops]  Pazartesi

Ne + asıl -----> [-e drops] Nasıl

Can you also use "burada" when saying the same things such as "fişiniz burada" ? Or does that change the meaning somehow? I just mean that my first thought would be to use burada or buraya when trying to say "here". 

 Evet, you can say " fişiniz burada " , but I would prefer " buyrun fişiniz " as this way is more polite.

other cases ;

- when you show your new car to your friend you would say " here my new car " in english whereas in Turkish you would say " işte yeni arabam " .

- when you offer [serve] a cup of coffee to someone you would say " here your coffee " in english whereas in Turkish you would say " Buyrun kahveniz ".

burada =  here, in here [lit : bura +da [in] ---> in here]

Burada kaç kişi var ? --> How many people [there are] in here ?

buraya = to here

Buraya gel. [ come here]  Bura + y [buffer] + a [to] [lit: to here]

Buradan = Bura + dan [from] ---> From here

Otobüse buradan bineceksin ---> You will get the bus from here.

Buranın = of here [possesive]

Buranın yemekleri çok güzel ---> The food of this place is very nice.

                                            [The food in this place [restaurant] is very nice]

Buradaki = the thing that is here

Bura +da + ki [that]

Buradaki arabalar yeni ---> The cars that are here are new.

- imagine you are in a turkish minibus [dolmuş] and you want to get off and you can say to driver ;

Burada inmek istiyorum ---> I want to get off here.

- you want your friend come to where you are and you want to say ; I want you to come here ---> Buraya gelmeni istiyorum.

- you want to ask someone if what he is doing there --> what are you doing here ? ---> Burada ne yapıyorsun.

Burası ---> This form is generally used with adjectives [to describe the place]

Burası çok karanlık ---> Here [this place] is very dark.

Burası çok pahalı ---> Here [this place is very expensive.

Buradayken ---> Bura + da + iken = while [I ,you,he,she,it,we,they] here