The words starting with "y" in Anatolian Turkish (AT), start with "j" in Kazak Turkish (KT): yol = jol

The "ç"s in AT are "ş"s in KT: çöl = şöl

The "ş"s in AT are "s"s in KT: aş = as

The words starting with "g" (of Turkic origin) in AT, start with "k" in KT: göz = köz

The words starting with "d" (of Turkic origin) in AT, start with "t" in KT: dil = til

Monosyllabic words with a front wovel and ending "ğ" in AT, end with "v": dağ = tav, bağ = bav

var-, ver-, var in AT are written with "b". bar-, ber-, bar

"f"s in some Arabic and Persian words are written p/b: fayda-payda, fikir-pikir, fakir-paqır, felaket-bäleket

Those "k"s between two wovels become "g". ekin-egin, evdeki-üydegi

Those "p"s between two wovels become "b".  ipi-jibi, tepmek-tebüv

There are wovels in -lk, -rk combos. kırk-qırıq, Türk-Türik, halk-xalık

The interior "ğ"s becomes "y" in KT. düğme-tüyme, öğren-öyren

Some interior "p"s becomes "b" in KT.  tepe-töbe, ipek-jibek

Some "b"s are "m"s in KT. boyun-moyın, burun-murın, bun-muñ

Possessive Suffixes
1st sg.:  -m tilim (dilim) ağaşım (ağacım)

1st pl.: -miz, -mız tilimiz ağaşımız

2nd sg.: -ñ tiliñ ağaşıñ

2nd pl.: -ñiz, -ñız tiliñiz ağaşıñız

3rd sg.: -(s)i, -(s)ı tili ağaşı

3rd pl.: -(s)i, -(s)ı tili (tilderi) ağaşı (ağaştarı)

But how come?

tilderimiz should mean our languages, right?

also, ağaştarınız = your trees, no?

Exactly!!!

Wovels and Consonants in Kazak Turkish (KT):

Wovels: a,ı,o,u (front) ä, e, i, ö, ü (back)

They have "ä" in KT additinaly and the rest the same as Anatolian Turkish (AT), which a little bit wider than "e" and seen in the first syllables

Voiced: b, d, g, ğ, j, l, m, n, ñ, r, v, y, z

Voiceless: ç, f, h, x, k, q, p, s, ş, t

"q" is used with front wovels and "v" is more like a w or "uv".

Info:

Voiced and Voiceless Consonants

One problem that many students face in pronunciation is whether a consonant is voiced or voiceless.

What is Voiced?

A simple explanation of voiced consonants is that they use the voice. This is easy to test by putting your finger on your throat. If you feel a vibration the consonant is voiced. Here is a list of some voiced consonants. Pronounce each consonant sound (not the letter) and feel the vibration of your vocal chords.

b
d
th (as in then)
v
l
r
z
j (as in Jane)

What is Voiceless?

Voiceless consonants do not use the voice. They are percussive and use hard sounds. Once again, you can test if a consonant is voiceless by putting your finger on your throat. You will feel no vibration in your throat, just a short explosion of air as you pronounce. Pronounce each of these consonant sounds and feel NO vibration in your throat.

p
t
k
s
sh
ch
th (as in thing)

Wovel harmony in KT

Major wovel harmony works perfectly for the words of Turkic origin as in AT:

Minor wovel harmony is similar to AT after a,ı,e,i:

al-ıp, bar-ıp (var-ıp in AT), ber-ip (ver-ip in AT)

But it doesn´t work after o,u,ö,ü:

öl-tir (öl-dür in AT), jüzim (üzüm in AT), öz-ine (öz-üne or kendi-sine in AT)

Consonant harmony in KT

It´s there and it works similar to AT:

biz-ge (biz-e in AT), tün-de (gece-de in AT)

ağaş-ta (ağaç-ta in AT)

Plural suffix

-lar/-ler, -dar/-der or -tar/-ter

bala-lar (çocuk-lar in AT = children)

dil-der (dil-ler in AT = languages or tongues)

ağaş-tar (ağaç-lar in AT = trees)

-lar/-ler is used after a syllable that ends with a wovel or one of -r -v -y

-dar/-der is used after a syllable that ends with a voiced consonant

-tar/-ter is used after a syllable that ends with a voiceles consonant

Infinitive suffixes

Instead of -mak/-mek in AT, they are -v, -üv and -uv in KT:

jaz-uv (yaz-mak = to write)

al-uv (al-mak = to take)

oqu-v (oku-mak = to read)

je-v (ye-mek = to eat)

öl-üv (öl-mek = to die)

ber-üv (ver-mek = to give)

How come you know Kazakh Grammar? You copy and paste?

Its not "uv" but "u". so: jazu, alu, oqu, jeu, olu, beru.

We also have this "mek" ending, but has a different meaning. It means "is going to".

So: He was going to eat = Ol tamak jemek edi.

He was going to learn (or read) a lesson = Ol sabak okimak edi.

tamak = food

sabak = lesson

I believe it´s because we write it that way in our alphabet. My source is a Turkish book.

This -v suffix has been imported to AT.

türe-mek -> türe-v (derivation)

sına-mak -> sına-v (examination)

öde-mek -> öde-v (homework)

Question suffix:

-ma/-me (after wovel or -l -r -v -y)

-ba/-be (after voiced consonant)

-pa/pe (after voiceless consonants)

bala-ma? = bala mı? = is he/she a child?

üy-me? = ev mi? = is it the house?

jaz-ba = yaz mı? = is it summer?

tok-pa? = tok mu? = is he/she full (of stomach)?

jigit-pe = yiğit mi? = is he/she hero/brave?

Personal Pronouns

KT   (AT)  = En

Men (Ben) = I

Sen (Sen) = You

Ol (O) = He/She/It

Biz (Biz) = We

Sender (Siz) = You

Siz (Siz) = You (Kindly speech)

Olar (Onlar) = They

Genitive Case:

-nıñ, -niñ (after wovels or after -m, -n, -ñ )

-dıñ, -diñ (after voiced consonants)

-tıñ, -tiñ (after voiceless consonants)

balanıñ (çocuğun) = of the child, The child´s

tildiñ (dilin) = of the language

ağaştıñ (ağacın) = of the tree

Accusative Case:

-nı, -ni (after wovels or after -m, -n, -ñ )

-dı, -di (after voiced consonants)

-tı, -ti (after voiceless consonants)

balanı (çocuğu) = (accusative of) the child

tildi (dili) = (accusative of) the language

ağaştı (ağacı ) = (accusative of) the tree

Dative Case:

-ğa, -ge (after voiced consonants or wovels)

-qa, -ke (after voiceless consonants)

-a,-e (after 1st and 2nd sing. possessive suffix)

-na, -ne (after 3rd sing. possessive suffix)

bala-ğa (çocuğ-a) = to the child

til-ge (dil-e) = to the language

ağaş-qa (ağac-a) = to the tree

at-qa (at-a) = to the horse

et-ke (et-e) = to the meat

bala-m-a (çocuğ-um-a) = to my child

til-im-e (dil-im-e) = to my language

bala-ñ-a (çocuğ-un-a) = to your child

til-iñ-e (dil-in-e) = to your language

bala-sı-na (onun çocuğ-u-n-a) = to his/her child

til-i-ne (onun dil-i-n-e) = to his/her language

lemon,

I don´t get you. Can you be more specific?

For example why did you cross AT "siz"?

Sender (Siz) = You (plural)

"Sizder" (sizler) is understood but do you say "sender" (plural of "sen") is not OK?

yes.

sen -> sender

siz -> sizder

and sometimes we say

biz -> bizder

We also sometimes say

biz -> bizler

siz -> sizler

And why didnt you understand then? What was the problem? that you dont have sen and sender?

We don´t use sender (senler).

You use Siz instead of sender/senler?

Yes

Ablative Case:

-dan, -den (after voiced consonants or wovels)

-tan, -ten (after voiceless consonants)

-nan,-nen (after -m, -n, -ñ and after possessive suffixes excluding 1st and 2nd pl. persons)

tilden (dilden) = from the language/tongue

ağaştan (ağaçtan) = from the tree

kimnen (kimden) = from who

tiliñnen (dilinden) = from your language/tongue

ağaşımnan (ağacımdan) = from my tree

atınan (onun atından) =  from his/her horse

Instrumental Case:

-men(en) (after wovels)

-ben(en) (after voiced consonants)

-pen(en) (after voiceless consonants)

bala-men (çocuk-la) = with the child

qız-ben (kız-la) = with the girl

at-pen(en) (at-la) = with the horse

Equative case: (See wikipedia for an explaination)

-day/-dey (after voiced consonants or vowels)

-tay/-tey (after voicless consonants)

arıstan-day (aslan gibi) = like a lion

böri-dey (kurt gibi) = like a wolf

at-tay (at gibi) = like a horse

Kıpçak grubundan bir lehçe öğreneceğim, sanırım bu Kazakça olmalı. Derslere devam si++, teşekkürler. Limon Kazak Türk´ü müsün?

She says she´s from Kazakhstan. But her ethnic background is a mystery.

 I see...

All kazakhs belong to 3 Zhuz (Orda): Great, Middle and Small. Each consists of many tribes. I come from the tribe of Kipchaks that belongs to Middle Zhuz.

You question my ethnicity? 

No, I just answered umut.

you werent sure i was kazakh?

Neden iletilerini Kazak Türkçesi ile yazmıyorsun? Bu sayede biz de alışırız, ama lütfen latin harflerini kullan.

((Why dont you write your messages in Kazak Turkish? Then we can get used to, but please use latin hehe ))

Instrumental ne oluyor?

Go back to post #28.

Some info can be found: here (currently down)

Ne dein? Ne zhazain? Bilmeimin. Angimem zhok. Kazaksha tusinesin be?

 Kazakça bilmiyorum ama işte yazdığın zaman anlayabiliyorum. Sen böyle yaz, biz de Türkiye Türkçesi yazalım, bir süre sonra anlaşacağız. Ben Uygur Türkçesi´ni öyle öğrendim.

Ne zhazain nime?

Ah, so romantic.

Men Turkshe bilmeimin zhane de tusinbeimin. Magan tilmash kerek. Balkim Si++ bizge tilmash retinde komek korseter?

Dilmaça gerek yok, ben seni anlıyorum.  ( We dont need a help of a translator, i understand you)

[[Bizge tilmash kerek emes? right]]

 Bundan sonra ben cümlelerimin İngilizce tercümesini de parantez içinde yazacağım. ( From now on, i will write the english translation of my sentences in brackets)

[[Kömeke kerek yoq? ]]

Good idea!

Here´s some dialog. Maybe our dear Kazak member would like to provide their meanings in her language.

Ne zhazain = what shall I write?

 then zh = c ??  ne zhazain?  ne cazain? ( ne yazayım?)

yol : col ( zhol?)

yiğit : cigit ( zhigit?)

Limon kullandığın harflerin ingilizce karşılıklarını yazar mısın? Düzgün okumalıyız. ( Limon could you please write the english version of the letter you use? We shall read properly)

Kop kop rakhmet ( in uyghur turkish it is köpting köp rexmet )

Deneme 1 -2  ( My stupid try)

Salem doslyrym! ( Limon hem Si++),

Qalaisiz? Zhaksy bolingiz. Men zhaksy shükir. Ne habar? Er nerse zhaksymu?

Limon zhazqan er nerse üshin sizge köp köp rakhmet.

Körishkenshe..

Salem dostar!

Qalaisiz? Zhaksylik tileimin! (I wish you well!) Qudaiga shukir! (Thank God!) Bari zhaksi ma?

Lemon, osi zhazganingiz ushin kop rakhmet.

Köp rakhmet Lemon. Siz qay zherden keldiñiz?

Siz qay zherlik? ( Dürüstmu?)

Siz qay zherdensiz? Men Qazaq zherinenmin.

Arine, durys! Zharaisin!

lemon,

You basicly do a transliteration through Cyrillic script but there are some points:

zh digraph is actually a "j" in Turkish script:

zhaksilik = jaksilik

and some ´i´s are actually a "y" in our script:

qalaisiz = qalaysiz

tileimin = tileymin

Qudaiga = Qudayga

Actually I would like you to write them in cyrllic letters as well.

Is it a request or   ?

I do not have cyrillic alphabet keyboard.

Would be nice if you could.

Do they not use cyrillic keyboard in Kazakhstan? OK you are not there anymore but you could still have one on your PC.

Have you tried the virtual keyboard?

 Actually i prefer latin since it is much more easier to learn. And then person can learn cyrillic easily if he/she wants.

Question words:

KT (AT) = E

Ne (Ne) = what

Kim (kim) = who

Qalay/qanday (nasıl) = how

Nege (neye/niye) = why, to what

Ne üşin (niçin) = for what

Qanşa (kaç ) = how many

Qay( sı ) ( hangi(si) ) = which (one)

Qaşan (ne zaman) = when

Qayda (nerede/nereye) = where (locative/dative)

Qaydan (nereden) = from where

Qaşannan beri (ne zamandan beri) = since when

etc.

what is "hangi" (si)?

??

Isn´t the following clear to you?

Qay( sı ) ( hangi(si) ) = which (one)

I dont think there is such a word.

So would you tell us what is the word for "which" in your language? If possible in cryllic.

Qaysi  or  qaisisi? 

I am lost !

Why?

I have gven it.

Qay( sı ) ( hangi(si) ) = which (one)

You don´t have "qay", you mean?

How do you say:

hangi gün? = which day?

Im extremely sorry. 

I thought you meant hangisi is a kazakh word.

you are right and correct. everything you wrote is correct

forgive me 

 If you write the text written above, in Kazak we would forgive you

Zhazganingiz ushin köp rakhmet Limon dosym.   

Kazak Türkish is really similar with Uyghur Turkish. (Kazak Türkçesi Uygur Türkçesi´ne çok benziyor)

Mesela ( Mesilen)

Hangisi degen sozdi qazaq sozi dep oilap kaldim. 

( Uygur --> Hangisi dégen sözNi qazaq sözi dep oylap qaldim)

 Sizdiki durys. Sizding jazghaningiz bari durys. 

(Uygur --> Sizdiki toghra. SizNing yazghaningiz barche toghra)

Meni keshiringiz

(Uygur --> Méni kechürüng

Uygur Türkçesi öğrenmek için bir kitapçık hazırladık, ilgilenenler indirebilir. ( We prepared a booklet for the ones who wants to learn Uyghur Turkish, downloadable.)

http://www.scribd.com/doc/77209248/Uygur-Turkcesi-Oğrenme-Kılavuzu-2-surum

Umut, siz uighursiz ba? Uighur tilin qaidan bilesiz?

 Yok ben Uygur Türkü değilim, Türkiye Türkü´yüm. Uygur Türkçesi´ni öğrendim.

 Zhok ( Jok) men Uyghur emes, men Türkiyelik Türkmin. Uygur tilin üyrenip zhürmin (jürmin). ( ???)

Reflexive pronoun:

KT (AT) = (E)

Öz (kendi) = self

özim (kendim) = myself

öziñ (kendin) = yourself

özi (kendisi) = himself/herself/itself

özimiz (kendimiz) = ourselves

öziñiz (kendiniz) = yourselves

özi/özderi (kendisi/kendileri) = themselves

Özim jakhsı, öziñiz qalay?

Ozim zhaksimin, siz qalaysiz?

Men zhaksimin, oziniz qalaysiz?

hmm rakhmet

Aorist tense (Geniş zaman):

After vowels -r

After consonants -ar/-er

It is more like "I would give, say. WOULD DO.

So how do you say these?

I give

I say

I eat

Men beremin

Men soleymin

Men jeymin

My document says it´s used for present continious tense:

Men beremin (ben veriyorum) = I am giving

Men alamın (ben alıyorum) = I am taking

Men okuymın (ben okuyorum) = I am reading

Şimdiki zaman (Present continuous tense):

After vowels: -y

After consonants: -a/-e

It is also used for future tense.

Present Continious

Men berip jatirmin/turmin

Men alip jatirmin/turmin

Men oqip jatirmin/turmin

OK. Actually my document says present tense which I incorrectly typed as present continuous tense.

мен беремін (men beremin) = veriyorum

мен аламын (men alamın) = alıyorum

мен оқимын (men okuymın) = okuyorum

Some verbs:

болу (boluv) = olmak (to be)

түру (turuv) = (ayakta) durmak (stand up)

отыру (otıruv) = oturmak (to sit)

жүру (juruv) = yürümek/gitmek (to go)

жаяу жүру (jayav juruv) = yürümek (to walk)

бару, жету (baruv, jetüv) = varmak, yetişmek (to get, to reach)

келу (kelüv) = gelmek (to come)

ұшу (uşuv) = uçmak (to fly)

жүзу (juzuv) = yüzmek (to swim)

оқу (okuv) = okumak (to read)

оқыту (okıtuv) = okutmak (to teach)

жазу (jazuv) = yazmak (to write)

сүрау (surav) = sormak (to ask)

таныстыру (tanıstıruv) = tanıştırmak (to introduce to..)

есту (estüv) = işitmek (to hear)

сезу (sezüv) = sezmek (to feel)

қайнату (kaynatuv) = kaynatmak (to boil)

кесу (kesüv) = kesmek (to cut)

біту (bitüv) = bitmek (to finish)

тігу (tigüv) = dikmek (to sew)

бояу (boyav) = boyamak (to paint)

алу (aluv) = almak (to take)

беру (berüv) = vernek (to give)

сату (satuv) = satmak (to sell)

сатып алу (satıp aluv) = satın almak (to buy)

ашу (aşuv) = açmak (to open)

ішу (işüv) = içmek (to drink)

қазу (kazuv) = kazmak (to dig)

білу (bilüv) = bilmek (to know)

көру (körüv) = görmek (to see)

үту, жену (utuv, jenüv) = ütmek, yenmek (to win)

ояну (oyanuv) = uyanmak (to wake)