PREFIX IN TURKISH

Turkish is a language of suffix. There are no prefixes in Turkish however under the influence of foreign languages some words with "prefix" came into use in Turkish. Those words were adopted into Turkish. Some of them found its equivalent in Turkish.

Such as ;

Prefix

A  [greek prefix]

Anormal  ---> Abnormal

Aritmik  -----> Arrhythmic

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AN  [greek prefix]

Anonim -----> anonymous

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ANTİ  [greek prefix]

Antipatik ----> Antipathetic ---> We use also a Turkish word ´İtici´ for it.

Antidemokratik  ---> Antidemocratic

Antibiyotik  ---> Antibiotic

Antitez --------> antithesis   -----> Replaced with Turkish word "Karşısav" but still people use "Antitez".

Antisosyal ----> Antisocial

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DE - DES [ french prefix]

Deforme  -----> deformed

Demode  -------> old fashioned, out of fashion -----> We also use replaced it with "Modası geçmiş´

Deşifre -----> deciphered

Dejenere  -----> degenerate

Dezavantaj ----> disadvantage

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DİS  [greek prefix]

Diskalifiye ---> disqualification

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HYPO

Hipotez -------> hypothesis ---> ´Varsayım´  is the Turkish equıvalent  word that replaces with this word.

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MİKRO

Mikrofon ----> Mikrofon

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OTO

Otobiyografi  ----> autobiography ----> It can be replaced with "Öz yaşam öyküsü"

Otopsi     ---------> postmortem,  autopsy

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PAR, PARA

Paragraf  ----> paragraph

Paralel --------> parallel 

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PRO

Prova  ----------> rehearsal,

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RE

Reaksiyon -----> reaction---> "Tepki" is the word that we can replace with.

ETC.............

Although -In Turkish- the intensifying pre-attachments are claimed to be "prefix" however the general idea is to classify them as "prevoice" , as in the examples below ;

Bembeyaz   ----->  pure white, snow white, very white.

pespembe  ------> rose pink, very pink

masmavi  -------> deep blue, very blue

sımsıcak  ------->  very warm

sopsoğuk  -------> very cold

I wouldn´t consider them prefix inTurkish, if they cannot be applied to any word in Turkish.

Anti-madde

Mikro-kent

Mikro-yaşam

any other?

Maybe the Arabic gayri-?

Most of them are not productive, of course, maybe not even in their language of origin. But at least people who went to schools understand what anti- or oto- add to the meaning of the word.

You should consider it, Since they are ´prefix´. In other words borrowed words with ´prefix´. Some of them can be combined with Turkish words as in your examples above. But most of them are used in adapted form in Turkish.

By the way ´madde´ is not Turkish, it is an Arabic word.

No I shouldn´t. Because we don´t use it as a prefix in Turkish. We just import a foreign word with some prefix in it.

madde is a word in Turkish and anti prefix is applied to it in Turkish. We don´t import it from Arabic (I mean anti-madde not madde).

Abla,

As for gayri, I cannot think of any Turkish word it is applied to (If you know let me know). So I don´t consider it a prefix in Turkish either (It just appears in Arabic loans).

You are right, I can´t find any Turkish origin words combined with gayri.

But now we come to basic questions: aren´t kanuni, maddi, safi, ciddi Turkish words in your opinion?

Besides, I find examples of gayri used as an adjective, even a pronoun with Turkish possessive suffix. Just like başka. The dictionary gives

                             Gayri bir şey o.

                             Bu ilacın gayrisi yok.

We have kanuni and gayri-kanuni, ciddi and gayri-ciddi but they don´t enter Arabic from Turkish. They were both imported from Arabic.

Importing some words with some prefix in them doesn´t mean we have that prefix in our language functional. It means it´s  just another loan word.

If you read the thread carefully you will see that we are talking about  "prefixes" [foreign prefixes] that are in use in Turkish.[whether in combined form or adapted form] We don´t say that there is "Turkish prefix" in Turkish. Can you not see it ?

Who cares about foreign prefixes if they are NOT something functional in your language?

Maybe you but not everybody.

You have to care about them as we [including you] are using them in Turkish. At least for the sake of  bring the "awareness of their existence in Turkish Language".

Excuse me tunci,

The "awareness of their existence in Turkish Language" is really important. I failed to see it.

Dont be upset Si++ . Time to time we all fail to see some important things in life..I do fail alot..[but this time I didnt fail to see your sarcastic comment..]

Not prefxes but we have some functional foreign suffixes:

-gen (from Greek, suggested by Atatürk)

3-gen =trigon

4-gen = quadrilateral

5-gen = pentagon

6-gen = hexagon

çok-gen = polygon

etc.

-(ha)ne (From Persian)

ders-ane

kütüp-hane

pasta-ne

posta-ne

yağ-hane

yazı-hane

-zede (From Persian)

deprem-zede

etc.

-at (From Arabic)

gidiş-at

-iyet

cumhur-iyet (yes it seems Arabic but it was invented by Turks and entered Arabic from Turkish)

etc.

If you perceive it that way, so be it.

Yes, it is arabic.

It is called "The Nisba Adjective: "

The Nisba is a common suffix to form adjectives of relation or pertinence. The suffix is -iyy-for masculine and -iyyah- for feminine gender (in other words, it is -iyy- and is inserted before the gender marker).

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A construction noun + nisba-adjective is often equivalent to nominal composition in Indo-European languages.

In formal Arabic, the shedda on the Nisba ending is clearly pronounced, but in spoken Arabic it is not normally pronounced in the masculine.

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cumhur ---> crowd, multitude,people[ it comes from "cem"]

I just wanted to say loanwords belong to Turkish vocabulary just like homespun elements do. Not every speaker carries an etymological dictionary in his pocket.

Another thing is if the prefix gayri really doesn´t have any productivity at all in the target language. Maybe it was not needed: değil exists, olmayan exists, -sIz exists. It´s meaning as a prefix seems to be recognized by folks anyway because it is used independently as well. (Another alternative is there are two borrowed elements here, prefix gayri and adjective gayri.)

 I usually hear gayri used in gayrimenkül and gayri resmi...

 Sorry, just trying to bring the thread back to the original discussion.

I also forget Gross National Product (GSMH), where I always find it convoluted that the Turkish for Gross is Gayri Safi which is literally "not-Net".

Out of interest, are all these uses of gayri with a word of Arabic or Persian origin?

Yes they were all produced by Arabs and imported by Turks. I don´t see any Persian origin in my list.

If you can find one with Persian origin it may mean it was produced by Ottomans not Arabs.

Tele-kulak

Tele-kız

As suffix

Çay-kolik, kahve-kolik, iş-kolik (using -kolik part of al-kolik (alcaholic))

At-masyon (using -masyon in for example oto-masyon (automation))

Dokun-matik, banka-matik, para-matik (using -matik in oto-matik (automatic))