[a] egelmek

This rare form is generally used to express the situations that has been going on for years or centuries.

Verb stem +  e[a]gel + di [miş  or  miştir ]

Examples: 

1. Yüzyıllardan beri bu efsane burada söylenegelmiştir. [and still being said by people]

This tale has been said for centuries here.

[ In other words ; People has been saying this tale for centuries here ]

2. Bu gelenek  halk tarafından yıllardır  uygulanagelmiştir. 

This custom has been practiced by people for years. [and still being practiced]

 note : In the examples above, the verbs in passive voice. 

Ne  de  

"Ne" with "de" can be  used to emphasize a quality in something or behaviour . 

Ne de güzel Türkçe konuşuyorsun. ----> You are talking Turkish so good. 

Ne de güzel bir yer  ----->  Such a beautiful place ! 

Ne  de yaramaz ! [çocuk].  ----> Such a naughty [child] !  

" Da [de] "  can be used to belittle things or people  or expressing the disbelief  in something. 

* Satrancı öğrenecek de beni yenecek. !   ---> He will learn how to play chess and beat me !! 

If the sentence is said in a sarcastic tone, it is aiming to belittle the other person. In other words, There is no way he can learn chess game and beat me. He has disbelief in him. 

* Köye  internet gelecek de biz göreceğiz ! ---->  The internet will come to the village and we will see it [those days].   

I have no hope that the internet will come to this village. I don´t believe those days will ever come. 

- meksizin [maksızın]   can be  described as  gerund-equivalent suffix or quasi gerundium, which gives actions "without" meaning  like the proper gerund "-mAdan".

Verb stem + mAksIzIn 

Durmak  =  to stop

Dur  + maksızın  = without stopping 

Durmaksızın çalışıyordu ---> He was working without stopping. [non-stop] 

Konuşmaksızın öylece bekledik. =  Konuşmadan öylece bekledik. -> We waited like that without talking.

Note : If it confuses you, then just use "meden [madan ] form for "without" actions  since  -maksızın can not be used for everything. Such as ;

Düşünmeden  konuşma ---> Don´t talk without thinking. 

Düşünmeksizin  konuşma  ---> This way sounds odd.

but what is the difference between

durmaksızın

and

konuşup durdu (he spoked without stopping)

and welcome back HOCA

Teşekkürler, Elena.

The difference is, 

here  "durmaksızın´  is  describing the way of an action is happening. [without stopping- non-stop]

Konferans boyunca durmaksızın konuştu.   ---> He talked without stopping during the conferance.

If we apply " Ip durdu " onto the same sentence; 

Konferans boyunca konuşup durdu. ----> He kept talking during the conference.

another example;

Tüm gün aynı şeyleri söyleyip duruyor ---> He keeps saying the same things all day.

- daş [deş] Suffix

This suffix comes to some nouns and makes the new words with the meaning of  sameness, associates with each other. 

Ad [name] ---> Ad + daş ---> Adaş = namesake [ one with same name as another ]

note: one of "d" drops

Çağ  [era] --->Çağ + daş ---->   Çağdaş  = modern, someone or something that is in the same era. 

Nazım Hikmetin çağdaşı şairler  ---> The poets that has lived in the same era with[as] Nazım Hikmet. 

karın [belly ] ---> karın + daş  ----> karındaş  [this changed into the form of  kardeş at present time]  ---> kardeş [sibling]   

What "kardeş" referring is "people who come from the same belly [ mother´s womb]

other examples ;

arka + daş       ---> arkadaş

meslek + taş   ----> meslektaş

soy + daş       ------> soydaş 

vatan + daş   -------> vatandaş

yol  + daş    ------> yoldaş

yurt + taş    ----->  yurttaş 

- maz [mez] derivational affix

This affix comes to some verb and alters them into verbal adjective.

çıkmak   [to exit,  to go out]  --->     çık  +  maz           

çıkmaz  sokak  ---> dead end

         ============

bitmek    --->   bit  +  mez   

bitmez  iş  ---> never ending  job 

         =============

erişmek  [to reach] --> erişilmek [to be reached] -->   erişil +  mez 

erişilmez sevgi  ---->  unreachable  love 

           =============

silmek [to wipe, to erase] --->  silinmek [to be wiped] --->   silin + mez  

silinmez  leke  --->  inerasable [unremoveable]  stain .   [ the stain that can not be removed ]

                ============

unutmak  [ to forget] ----> unutulmak [ to be forgetten] ---> unutul + maz 

Unutulmaz  bir  şarkı .---> An unforgetable  song.

Fractional adjectives [Kesir Sayı Sıfatları]

In Turkish , we call these type of adjectives as " fractional number adjectives"

Fractional numbers are like 1/3, 4/6 , 3/9 ..etc

A written-out fractions are like  dörtte bir  [çeyrek] ---> a quarter [one fourth]

and functions as adjectives when it modifies a noun ;

Payımıza dörtte bir  ekmek düşüyor. ----> One quarter bread is for each.

Burada yarım saattir  bekliyorum. ---> I have been waiting  here for half an hour.

some others ; 

iki   buçuk  ---> two and half 

yüzde  bir   ---- > one in a hundred

üçte  bir    ----  >  one  third

etc…

Hocam kök ikide bir nasıl çevriliyor?

Tam bir KPSS sorusu hocam. Gerçekten şimdi merak ettim nasıl deniyor ingilizcede  bu şey, bilen varsa hayrına söylesin. Benim matematik sucks.. 

Benim de kpss sucks hocam

Suffix  piling 

In some expressions , we see " suffix piling"  which sometimes causes confusions. 

Such as ;

*  negative suffix [- mA ] piling  ;

Görmemezlikten gel me ----> to pretend not to see someone 

Gör + me + mez + lik + ten  

* As we see, there are two negative suffix , it should be just "one" , we use this incorrectly in verbal and written language.

The correct way should be like ; -----> Görmezlikten  gelme.

Derived  Adjectives

An adjective derived from a noun or verb .......

Çukulatalı  kek ----> Chocolate cake [ cake with chocolate] 

This adjective is derived of noun "Çukulata" by taking derivational suffix "lı" .

Tuzsuz  yemek  ----> Saltless meal. [ meal with no salt in it]

This adjective is derived of noun " tuz " by taking derivational suffix "suz" .

Yorgun  işçi ----> Tired  worker. [ A worker who feels tired]

This adjective is derived of verb  " yormak " by taking derivational suffix "gun" .

Kaybolan anahtar  ---> The lost key

This adjective is derived of verb  " kaybolmak " by taking derivational suffix " an " .

- dan  bu yana

This structure comes onto verb and noun stems and functions as "since [ a time] [until now]".

With nouns ;

- Sabahtan bu yana ---> Since morning [until now].

- Ayşe sabahtan bu yana kayıp ----> Ayşe is missing since morning. [and still missing]

- Dünden bu yana  senin için dua ediyorum ---> I have been praying for you since yesterday.

With verbs ;

Verb stem + dIk [duk,duk,dük] + personal suffix  +  den[dan]   +     bu     yana

Gel             +  dik                         +    in                    +  den    +    bu yana

Geldiğinden   bu yana.....  ----> Since  you came .........

Geldiğinden   bu yana  yüzün gülmüyor ---> You are not smiling since the minute you came.

Doğ           +  duk                        +  um                    +  dan        +  bu  yana

Doğduğumdan   bu   yana  --->  Since  I was born.....

Doğduğumdan   bu   yana mutlu bir günüm  olmadı ---> I haven´t had a single happy  day since I was born.

kök ikiden bu yana devam eden irasyonel sayılar

Dropping  possesive suffix 

Dropping possessive suffix in noun compounds is seen quite often in  daily language. 

Bizim  evimiz --->  Our house  ---> Standart  form 

Bizim  ev  ---> Our house   ---> Not standart but acceptable in daily use.

Bizim evi  gördün mü  ----> Have you seen our house ?

************************************************

Senin çayın  ---> Your  tea  

Senin çay  ---> Your tea 

Senin çay soğudu ---->  Your  tea´s gone cold.  ---> We hear sometimes people use this way by dropping the possessive suffix from the second noun. 

***********************************************

Ayşe´nin  kalemi  yazmıyor ----> Ayşe´s  pen is not working.   ---> Standart 

Ayşe´nin  kalem  yazmıyor ----> Ayşe´s  pen is not working.  --->  Not standard but it is sometimes used in daily  Turkish.       

YaaaaaaaY you are back tunci

Sağol, HaNNo.

- Esi [Ası]   var [yok] 

This construction comes onto verb stem to express our desire for doing something. 

It is negated with "yok".

 Verb stem + esi [ası] + Personal marking      +       var   [yok]

  git             +   esi        +    m                            +       var  

  gidesim  var ---> I have desire to  go 

 Bugün  parka  gidesim  var. ---->  I have  desire to go to the park.

                                                     [ I feel like going to the park]

 Yarın işe gidesim yok --->  I have no desire to go to work tomorrow.

                                           [ I  don´t feel like going to work tomorrow]

 Küçük çocuğun süt içesi yok ----> Little child has no desire to drink milk.

 Hiç  matematik çalışasım  yok  ---> I have no desire for studying maths. 

                                                        [ I don´t feel like studying maths]

Verb + verb  collocation 

Collocations are partly or fully fixed expressions.

Verb+ verb  type of collocations are ;

dönüp  bakmak  ---> to look back at

Geçmişe dönüp baktığımda sadece acıları görüyorum.

When I look back at past , all I see is pain[s].

========================

yakıp  yıkmak  ----> to ravage, to devastate

Göstericiler  ortalığı  yakıp yıktı. --->  The protesters  ravaged all around [everywhere]

=========================

vurup  devirmek  ---- >  to hit hard and knock, to gun somebody down.

Adam vurduğunu devirdi ---> The man knocked everyone that he hit.

- mAk  durumunda  

This  newly formed rarely used form functions  like ´zorunda´ [have to].

 Verb + durumunda + personal marking

 yapmak  +  durumunda + y + ız 

 Bu  duyuruyu  yapmak durumundayız. ----> We have to make this announcement. 

 --------------------------------------

 Bir  karar vermek durumundayım ----> I have to make a decision.

 ---------------------------------------

 Faturaları ödemek durumundasın ----> You have to pay the bills. 

 ----------------------------------------

 Restoranda hesabı kendi ödemek durumunda kaldı ---> He himself had to pay the bill in the restaurant.

Are these special verbs or it is a common rule could be applied on other verbs because it may confuse me with the -ip suffix rule

They are fixed expressions formed of two verbs by using -ip. You can form them with many other verbs as long they are used in a right context and they make sense together. 

For example ;

Gelip gitmek =  to come and go. 

Gelip gitmesi zor bir yer. ---> It is difficult to visit [to go] that place [beacuse it is far or the road is bad...etc]

 =======================

Okuyup incelemek = to read review

Raporu okuyup incelemem lazım ---> I need to read and review the report.

Functions of  buffer " n "

1. When a pronoun takes case ending, we put "n" between.

O - n - a   ---->  Ona ----> to him

O - n - dan  ----> Ondan ----> from  him

Bu + n + u    söyledi  --->  He said  this.  

2.  In noun phrases, just after possessive ending.

Selim´in   kitabı + n + ı  aldım.   --->  I took  Selim´s  book.

Babamın  arabası + n  + ı   yıkadım ------> I washed  my father´s car.

3. It is also used before the genitive ending. 

Kapı + n  + ın    kolunu  kırdım. ---->  I broke the door´s  handle.

Sene  + n  +  in    başında  bu konuyu görüşmüştük ---> In the begining of the year, we had discussed this issue.

Bu günlerde  para + n + ın     kıymeti yok. -----> Money has no value nowadays.

Cacophony in some adjectives

When some adjectives  ending  with consonant ´k´, take intensifying suffix "cIk" , it sounds discordantly and inharmoniously. Therefore we see the "k"  dropping.

ufak = small ====>  ufak + cık ----->  ufacık  ----->  very small [tiny]

küçük = small  -----> küçük + cük  ----> küçücük  ---> very small [tiny]

sıcak  = hot, warm     -----> sıcak + cık   -----> sıcacık    ----> pleasantly warm, warm and cozy

Repetitions with dative ending

a.This type of fixed repetitions are describing especially the actions  happening in certain order. 

Yan  yana  ---> side by side [ side to side], next to next

 Sinemada  yan yana oturdular. --> They sat next to next in cinema.

Arka  arkaya ---> back to back, one after another

Alt  alta   ---> One under another

El   ele  ----> Hand in hand 

El   ele  yürüyorlar ---> They are walking hand in hand.

Kol  kola  ---> Arm in arm

b. One facing  another

Yüz  yüze ---> Face to face

Yüz yüze konuşmamız  lazım  ---> We need to talk face to face.

 Göz  göze ----> eye to eye 

Toplantıda  göz göze gelmemeye çalışıyorlardı ---> They were trying not to look at eachother in the meeting.