Merhaba,

When I want to say :"I´m sorry I didn´t reply earlier"... is it correct "Üzgünüm cevap vermedi?" or "Daha kısa cevap vermediğim için üzgünüm." Can I use also Özür dilerim?

"Daha erken cevab vermedim için üzgünüm" would be my choice for you sentence.

You say özür dilerim or üzgünum at the front of the sentence when like in English you say "I´m sorry, (but) I didn´t understand you." 

When you say "I´m sorry for/that ... " then it goes to the end. 

Also I have the idea that for just I´m sorry (and the front of the sentence) özür dilerim is more used. Maybe it´s a little more polite. Not sure about that though.

https://glosbe.com/en/tr/%22I´m%20sorry%22 

teşekkür ederim

I thought one was an action and the other was intention.

eg: stepping on someones toe

vs

eg: telling a person a lie

maybe a native can answer this

Merhaba is arabic, not turkish. Only some muslim people use selam or merhaba in the street language. Not official. Esenlikler / Aydınlıklar = Hello! İyi günler = Hello, Bye, Good days (Have a nice day)! Hu / Hu hu/ Huu / Huu huu = Hi / Hello / Hey! 

Üzgünüm is correct.

Özür dilerim is a serious apology.

Geç yanıt için üzgünüm = I´m sorry for the late response

Geç yanıtım için üzgünüm = I´m sorry for my late response

Senden özür diliyorum = I apologize to you

Beni bağışla = forgive me 

N´olur! (Ne olur!...) = Please! 

Wait, what? What? What?????

So many Turkish pp use this to me and you say it´s not used by most ppl? 

Is that right? 

Merhaba is a world which means Hello in arabic and in turkish. Turkish language is 60% formed by arabic words so merhaba is really used by most of the people. Also, selam can be used! Wish I had helped

no

Merhaba is not turkish. This is only arabic. Alot people use Bonjur (Bonjour), Çaça (Ciao), Baybay (Bye), Mersi (Merci), Selam (Salam), Merhaba (Marhaba), Okey (Okay), Pardon. But not turkish. Not official also. These are only affectation, street words. There are not adaptations. "İYİ GÜNLER" in official texts. Gün = Day, 24 hours in turkish, not morning. İyi günler = Hello, Bye. İyi sabahlar = good morning. Esenlikler and aydınlıklar is hello also. Spoiled young adolescents and movies use merhaba. But this does not mean that its turkish. If you want to speak Arabic, then speak... But know that this is NEVER Turkish. Don´t confuse the street language and turkish language. It arises, such a nonsense; - Përshëndetje dear, how are you? -I´m good, merci. És te? -Me too, grazie. 

İyi günler = Hello 

Esenlikler = Hello 

Aydınlıklar = Hello 

Huhuu = Hello / Hi ( Even, the original people and older people use it very often. ) 

Also this is "Yanıt", not cevab. No word in Turkish doesn´t end with b, ç, d, g letters. 

Always p, ç, t, k and these vary depending to suffixes. 

Ağaç = Ağacı, ağaca, ağaçta, ağaçtan 

Dolap = Dolabı, dolaba, dolapta, dolaptan 

Kütük = Kütüğü, kütüğe, kütükte, kütükten 

David ( a name from you )= Davıt = Davıt´ı, Davıt´a, Davıt´da, Davıt´dan. 

The article doesn´t change because it is a special name, but the reading is different;

- Davıdı, Davıda, Davıtta, Davıttan. 

I, İ / A, E / DE, DA / DEN, DAN suffixes=> 

-P = bı, bi / be, ba / pte, pta / pten, ptan 

-Ç = cı, ci / ce, ca / çte, çta / çten, çtan 

-T = dı, di / de, da / tte, tta / tten, ttan 

-K = ğı, ği / ğe, ğa / kte, kta / kten, ktan  (ğ, not g) 

Turkish is a difficult language. You cannot learn this in a few months. It requires a lot of patience. 

This is a Turkic original language, not ottoman language (Turkic+persian+arabic+french+etc). Even the people of Turkey can do wrong. 

Ural Altai languages are difficult. You will deal like suck a baby, if you want to learn. This is not a thing will be possible with Arabic or Ottoman language. 

 Merhaba is never Turkish or any Turkic language. 

I was objecting to the claim that Arabic words constitute %60 of the Turkish vocabulary, it is more like %6. That said, your post is the greatest nonsense here. Merhaba, selam and pardon are indeed Turkish words and they are "official". Just because they are of different origins, doesn´t mean they can´t also be Turkish or using them somehow makes us Arabs. I´ve never heard "esenlikler" used by anyone except tv hosts closing a show, not once. And you are the first person to tell me that there is such a greeting as "aydınlıklar". "Huhu" is rather an exclamation than a greeting(and you know it) it is used to get someones attention like yelling "hey". If you use any of these words instead of "merhaba" or "selam" in any context, the most common response you will get is a laugh. What you´re doing is deliberately misinforming people.

You´re a Arabic or a fool. Have you ever seen an official text in Turkey in your life?  Or is this just you talking with arab tourists in Turkey?

Friends, don´t believe this fool. He is misleading. You can ask the teachers of Turkish language and litterature too... İyi günler is Hello. Not selam sücuk araba maraba! Esenlikler and aydınlıklar is another version. I told you... The some people of Turkey don´t even know their own language. Turkey has a more complicated etnich, than USA. And there is not  commun sense in Turkey. They speak their own languages at home. They learn turkish in school. And they don´t know truth clearly... In this manner it is hardly possible to teach for them. 

I can explain everything to the finest detail. I´ve already done this in a few posts. And I can show official texts. I can give examples. I can send voice for correct pronunciation. If you need help, I can give my private mail address. 

Learn Kurdish, to make conversation with Kurdish in the East... But then you should say this "I know a language of an etnich in Turkey". You mus´t say "I know turkish". or learn arabic and speak with them... 

But don´t say this "I know Turkish". 

If someone don´t know Turkish, may laugh me... Because don´t understand me and laugh. 

If someone don´t know Turkish, and say "I know", I don´t laugh. Because not funny. only meaningless.

But if someone speak a silly mix language, and say "I know Turkish", then this is never funny or meaningless. This is only an insult. 

Marhaba, how are you? Shukran, and you? => If this is english, then believe this fool person. If this is not english, then this is never Turkish. Ottomans have arabic words in Ottoman language. Turkey is another state. Turkey is not Ottoman Empire. We break them down. We have established a new state. And the OFFICIAL language is TURKISH. Not Arabic or Ottoman. The status of the Turks and Greeks is not different in Ottoman. There are many Ottoman words in the Turkish movies. But don´t confuse your head with them. Because these movies are the Ottoman´s history. Not Turkey´s history. Ottoman is history of Greeks and Turkish etc... But Greece don´t speak ottoman. And same way, Turkey don´t speak ottoman. 

This is mixing what is the translation of hello vs. how do you greet people. The closest translation of Hello is Merhaba. True it may not be used that often. For example when I watch a Turkish series, they don´t say Merhaba too often. But if you watch an American show, they don´t use Hello that often either.

Because that´s not cevab it must be cevap. And Esenlikler Aydınlıklar doesn´t means merhaba. They´re like İyi günler. Merhaba is an Arabic word but also Turkish. You can look at TDK. Merhaba is a word of arabic orgin but Turkish language uses it too. I´m sorry my englsh is not well I´m turkish. Umarım açıklayabilmişimdir.

İyi günler Esenlikler Aydınlıklar never means Hello. You really understood it wrongly. İyi günler means Have a nice day. Esenlikler and Aydınlıklar are like İyi günler. We use it for our best wishes. Esen ol Aydın ol anlamlarına gelir. Buraya da cidden bi türk lazımmış amk ne saçma sapan kavgalar ediyonuz te Allah ım sjdshgdf

İyi günler Esenlikler Aydınlıklar never means Hello. You really understood it wrongly. İyi günler means Have a nice day. Esenlikler and Aydınlıklar are like İyi günler. We use it for our best wishes. Esen ol Aydın ol anlamlarına gelir. Buraya da cidden bi türk lazımmış amk ne 

Kardeşim sen Türksün herhalde değilsen de baya iyi biliyorum yazmışsın. Türkçe yazıyorum o zaman bana da kolaylık olur. Merhaba´nın tamamen türkçe br karşılığı yok. Biz hello nun karşılığı olarak arapça kökenli bir kelime olan merhaba yı kabul ediyoruz resmi olarak. İyi günler kelimesi de Hello nun tam karşılığı değil tabi ki. Selamlama kelimeleri onlar. Dediğim gibi resmi olarak hello ya tam bir karşılık istiyorsan merhaba doğrudur onaylanmıştır. Quoting AytekinTeymur