Plurals

Plurals The plural suffixes are –ler and –lar. All the nouns, countable or uncountable, and all the adjectives can be made plural. Adjectives function as a noun in this case.  When adding a plural suffix to a word you normally have to choose the vowel that harmonises with the last vowel in the receiving word. If the last vowel of the receiving word is one of the high vowels (e – i – ö – ü ) add –ler suffix to the word. Examples: defter notebook defterler öğrenci student öğrenciler şeker sugar şekerler göl lake göller ev house evler gün day günler İngiliz Englishman İngilizler güzel beautiful güzeller pencere window pencereler ekmek bread ekmekler If the last vowel of the receiving word is one of the low vowels ( a – ı – o – u ) add –lar suffix to the word. Examples: okul school okullar masa table masalar bardak glass bardaklar kalın thick kalınlar kız girl kızlar ulus nation uluslar telefon phone telefonlar bekar single bekarlar su water sular çay tea çaylar kırmızı red kırmızılar If the last consanant of a word is “l” with a preceding vowel double the letter “l” when adding plural suffixes –ler or –lar as in examples below: dal branch dallar el hand eller kıl hair kıllar dul widow dullar kel bald keller göl lake göller çöl desert çöller dil tongue, language diller mal property mallar The use of plurals The plural suffix is added to indicate plurality. If plurality is shown by a numeral greater than one or a word like “çok” (many), or “kaç” (how many), no plural suffix is added to the noun as in examples below: iki kitap two books not ”iki kitaplar” çok bardak a lot of glasses not “çok bardaklar” kaç kişi how many people not “kaç kişiler” Sınıfta on beş öğrenci var. There are fifteen students in the class. Dolapta çok bardak var. There are a lot of glasses in the cupboard. Partide kaç kişi vardi. How many people were there in the party? Kalemler çekmecede. The pencils are in the drawer. In question and negative “…var mı?” (Is / are there any…) and “…yok” (There isn’t / aren’t any…) sentences plural suffix is not added to the noun as in examples below: Sınıfta hiç öğrenci var mı? Are there any students in the class? Masada hiç kitap yok. There aren’t any books on the table. Buzdolabında hiç yumurta yok. There aren’t any eggs in the fridge.

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