LESSON 6Verb "to be" : "to become" : "olmak" The verb "to be" is used as a suffix after nouns, adjectives, adverbs etc for the present continous tense.At the beginning of the sentence pronouns, such as "ben, sen, o, ..." can be used even for slight emphasis, but are not necessary. Verb Personal Suffixes Endings: V.P.E I (ben) -´(y)4m: I am you (sen) -´s4n you are… (singular) he,she,it (o) - no ending or -´D4r he, she, it is… we (biz) -´(y)4z we are… you (siz) -´s4n4z you are…(formal,singular or plural) they (onlar) -no ending, -l2´r they are If "onlar" is used no ending is necessary in a third person plural sentence. Without "onlar" -l2r is used to distinguish it from the third person singular. For the "they" form it is also possible to use -D4r l2r or -l2r D4r. Examples: iyi : well , yorgun : tired. ben iyi—yim I am well yorgun--um I am tired sen iyi--sin you are well yorgun--sun you are tired (singular) o iyi--(dir),- he is well yorgun--(dur),- he is tired biz iyi--yiz we are well yorgun--uz we are tired siz iyi—siniz you are well yorgun--sunuz you are tired (plural formal) onlar iyi--ler they are well yorgun--lar they are tired iyi--dirler they are well yorgun--durlar they are tired iyi--lerdir they are well yorgun--lardır they are tired onlar iyi-- they are well yorgun- they are tired As we know after words ending in vowels and before suffixes that begin with vowels we must use the buffer "y". The verb "to be" : "olmak" will be shown in further pages. The negative "deÄŸil" : "is not" also takes the same suffixes. deÄŸil--im İyi deÄŸilim : I´m not well. deÄŸil--sin Hasta deÄŸilsin : You´re not sick. deÄŸil-- (O) Yorgun deÄŸil : He´s not tired. deÄŸil--iz evde deÄŸiliz : We´re not at home. deÄŸil--siniz Turist deÄŸilsiniz: You´re not (a) tourist(s). deÄŸil--ler (Onlar) öÄŸretmen deÄŸiller: They´re not teachers. When we ask a question, the Question Suffix -m4 comes before the verb Personal Suffixes except for the "they" form. Iyi miyim?: "Am I well ?" Iyi deÄŸil miyim? : "Am I not well?" Iyi misin?: "Are you well ?" Iyi deÄŸil misin? : "Are you not well?" Iyi mi?: "Is he, she well" Iyi deÄŸil mi?: "Is he, she not well?" Iyi miyiz?: "Are we well ?" Iyi deÄŸil miyiz?: "Are we not well?": Iyi misiniz?: "Are you well ?" Iyi deÄŸil misiniz?: "Are you not well?": Iyiler mi?: "Are they well ?" Iyi deÄŸiller mi?: "Are they not well?": "DeÄŸil mi?" means "isn´t it?".When it is used after a declarative sentence. A comma is placed between the declarative part of the sentence and “ deÄŸil mi?” Hava güzel, deÄŸil mi? : The weather is nice, isn´t it? Iyisiniz, deÄŸil mi? : You are well, aren´t you? Evdeler, deÄŸil mi? : They´re at home, aren´t they? Evde deÄŸilsiniz, deÄŸil mi? : You´re not at home, are you? Hasta deÄŸilim, deÄŸil mi? : I´m not sick, am I?
DIALOGUE GÜNAYDIN Sema: Günaydın Yıldız, nasılsın? Yıldız : İyiyim, saÄŸol. Sen nasılsın? Sema: Ben de iyiyim. Bugün hava çok güzel deÄŸil mi? Yıldız: Evet, yaÄŸmur yok, rüzgar da yok Sema: Çocuklar nasıl, buradalar mı? Yıldız: Onlar da çok iyiler. Bugün evdeler.
GOOD MORNİNG Sema: Good morning Yıldız, how are you? Yıldız : I’m fine thank you, how are you? Sema: I’m fine. Isn’t the weather beautiful today? Yıldız: Yes, it’s not raining or windy. Sema: How are the children, are they here? Yıldız: They are fine too. Today they are at home.
EXERCICES1)Ben iyi................ I´m fine 2) sen hasta........ You´re sick 3) o rahat....... He´s confortable 4) biz burada........... We´re here 5) (Siz) nasıl........... How are you? 6) Ekmekler kutuda.... The breads are in the box 7) Ben avukat deÄŸil..... I´m not a lawyer 8) siz bugün neÅŸeli deÄŸil...... You aren´t joyful today 9) Ben hasta ................. Am I sick? 10 Onlar iÅŸte .....? Are they at work? 11) Biz çalışkan .........? Are we hardworker? 12) sen öÄŸretmen .......? Are you a teacher? 13) Sen öÄŸrenci deÄŸil....... aren´t you a student?- neg+ int 14) Biz akıllı deÄŸil............ aren´t we intelligent? 15) Bardaklar dolapta ...............15) The glasses aren´t in the cupboard
Answers1) ben iyiyim 2) sen hastasın 3 )rahat 4) buradayız 5) nasılsınız? 6 kutuda or kutudalar 7) ben avukat deÄŸilim 8) deÄŸilsiniz 9) Ben hasta mıyım? 10) onlar iÅŸte mi? 11) çalışkan mıyız? 12)Sen öÄŸretmen misin? 13) deÄŸil misin? 14) deÄŸil miyiz? 15)....dolapta OR dolaptalar
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