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LESSON 6

 

LESSON 6 

Verb "to be" : "to become" : "olmak"

The verb "to be" is used as a suffix after nouns, adjectives, adverbs etc for the present continous tense.At the beginning of the sentence pronouns, such as "ben, sen, o, ..." can be used even for  slight emphasis, but are not necessary.

Verb Personal Suffixes Endings: V.P.E

I                    (ben)            -´(y)4m:                                      I am

you                  (sen)                -´s4n                                     you are… (singular)

he,she,it          (o)                   - no ending or -´D4r                   he, she, it is…

we                  (biz)                  -´(y)4z                                   we are…

you                  (siz)              -´s4n4z                           you are…(formal,singular or plural)

they                 (onlar) -no ending, -l2´r                                   they are

If "onlar" is used no ending is necessary in a third person  plural sentence. Without "onlar" -l2r is used to distinguish it from the third person  singular. For the "they" form it is also possible to use -D4r l2r or -l2r D4r. Examples:

iyi : well ,                                                                                                                              yorgun : tired.

ben                  iyi—yim                      I am well               yorgun--um       I am tired 

sen                  iyi--sin                        you are well        yorgun--sun      you are tired (singular)

   o                   iyi--(dir),-                  he is well           yorgun--(dur),-  he is tired

biz                   iyi--yiz                     we are well          yorgun--uz        we are tired

siz                    iyi—siniz               you are well         yorgun--sunuz  you are tired (plural formal)

onlar               iyi--ler                   they are well          yorgun--lar       they are tired

iyi--dirler                                      they are well           yorgun--durlar  they are tired

iyi--lerdir                                      they are well           yorgun--lardır  they are tired 

onlar               iyi--                        they are well           yorgun-          they are tired

As we know after  words ending in vowels and before  suffixes  that begin with vowels we must use the  buffer "y".

The verb "to be" : "olmak" will be shown in further pages.

The negative "deÄŸil" : "is not"  also takes the same suffixes.

deÄŸil--im                     İyi deÄŸilim :                 I´m not well.

deÄŸil--sin                     Hasta deÄŸilsin :             You´re not sick.

deÄŸil--                         (O) Yorgun deÄŸil :          He´s not tired.

deÄŸil--iz                       evde deÄŸiliz :               We´re not at home.

deÄŸil--siniz                  Turist deÄŸilsiniz:             You´re not  (a) tourist(s).

deÄŸil--ler                     (Onlar) öÄŸretmen deÄŸiller:  They´re not teachers.

When we ask a question, the Question Suffix -m4 comes before the verb Personal Suffixes except for the "they" form.

Iyi miyim?:             "Am I well ?"                  Iyi deÄŸil miyim? :            "Am I not well?"   

Iyi misin?:              "Are you well ?"             Iyi deÄŸil misin? :             "Are you not well?"

Iyi mi?:                   "Is he, she well"              Iyi deÄŸil mi?:                  "Is he, she not well?"

Iyi miyiz?:              "Are we well ?"              Iyi deÄŸil miyiz?:          "Are we not well?":   

Iyi misiniz?:            "Are you well ?"             Iyi deÄŸil misiniz?:       "Are you not well?": 

Iyiler mi?:              "Are they well ?"            Iyi deÄŸiller mi?:                "Are they not well?": 

"DeÄŸil mi?" means "isn´t it?".When it is used after a declarative sentence.  A comma is placed between the declarative part of the sentence  and “ deÄŸil mi?”

Hava güzel, deÄŸil mi? :                                  The weather is nice, isn´t it?

Iyisiniz, deÄŸil mi? :                                         You are well, aren´t you?

Evdeler, deÄŸil mi? :                                        They´re at home, aren´t they?

Evde deÄŸilsiniz, deÄŸil mi? :                             You´re not at home, are you?

Hasta deÄŸilim, deÄŸil mi? :                               I´m not sick, am I?

 

DIALOGUE

 GÜNAYDIN

Sema: Günaydın Yıldız, nasılsın?

Yıldız : İyiyim, sağol. Sen nasılsın?

Sema: Ben de iyiyim. Bugün hava çok güzel deÄŸil mi?

Yıldız: Evet, yaÄŸmur yok, rüzgar da yok

Sema: Çocuklar nasıl, buradalar mı?

Yıldız: Onlar da  çok iyiler. Bugün evdeler.

 

GOOD MORNİNG

Sema: Good morning Yıldız, how are you?

Yıldız : I’m fine thank you, how are you?

Sema: I’m fine. Isn’t the weather beautiful today?

Yıldız: Yes, it’s not raining or windy.

Sema: How are the children, are they here?

Yıldız: They are fine too. Today they are at home.

 

EXERCICES

1)Ben iyi................ I´m fine

2) sen hasta........    You´re sick

3) o rahat.......         He´s confortable

4) biz burada........... We´re here

5) (Siz) nasıl...........   How are you?

6) Ekmekler kutuda....   The breads are in the box

7) Ben avukat deÄŸil..... I´m not  a lawyer

8) siz bugün neÅŸeli deÄŸil...... You aren´t joyful today

9) Ben hasta ................. Am I sick?

10 Onlar iÅŸte .....?   Are they at work?

11) Biz çalışkan .........? Are we hardworker?

12) sen öÄŸretmen .......? Are you a teacher?

13) Sen öÄŸrenci deÄŸil....... aren´t you a student?- neg+ int

14) Biz akıllı deÄŸil............ aren´t we intelligent?

15) Bardaklar dolapta ...............15) The glasses aren´t in the cupboard

 

Answers

1) ben iyiyim   2) sen hastasın  3 )rahat   4) buradayız    5) nasılsınız? 6 kutuda  or kutudalar

7) ben avukat deÄŸilim 8) deÄŸilsiniz 9) Ben hasta mıyım?   10) onlar iÅŸte mi? 11) çalışkan mıyız?

12)Sen öÄŸretmen  misin? 13) deÄŸil misin?   14) deÄŸil miyiz? 15)....dolapta  OR dolaptalar

 

 

 


Bridget, alexandrabotez@, ode616, jassminche and Danko liked this lesson


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