Conditionals
1-Factual conditionals with if+ present tense in the if clause -present tense in the main clause. Factual condtionals express facts which are true when certain conditions are met.

Çalışırsan sınavı kazanırsın =İf you study, you win the exam.

if you eat spinach, you get iron in your diet
İf+ present present

Acording to this sentence, it is a fact that people get iron in their diet when they eat spinach.

2- Future conditionals with if + present tense in the if clause-future tense in the main clause. Future conditionals express facts which may be true in the future.

Yarışmayı kazanırsam, ödül alacağım.= İf i win competition, i will take reward.

İf they eat spinach , they will get iron in their diet.
İf+ present future

Acording to this sentence , getting lots of iron is a fact that will become true if they eat their spinach.

3-Hypothetical conditionals with if+past tense in the if clause-would+ the simple form of the verb in the main clause. Hypothetical conditionals express facts
which are not likely to be true, but which is possible.

Çalışsa , sınavı kazanırdı.
(geniş zaman=simple present) (simple present tense in the past tense.=geniş zamanın geçmişi)

if they ate spinach, they would get iron in their diet.
İf + past would+ simple form

Acording to this sentence, it is not likely that they will eat their spinach; however, it is possible. İf they eat their spinach, they will get iron in their diet.

4-(A) Counterfactual conditionals with I with if +were (or sometimes other verbs in past tense) in the if clause-would+ the simple form of the verb in the main clause.
Counterfactual conditionals I sentences express gacts which are untrue in the present.

Burada olsaydı, ıspanak yerdi.
(geçmiş zaman-past tense) (geniş zamanın geçmişi-simple present tense in the past tense)

İf here were here, he would eat this spinach
İf+ were would+simple form

Acording to this sentence, he is not here (if he were here= he is not here) Therefore,he will not eat the spinach.

(B) Counterfactual conditionals II with if + past perfect in the if clause-would have+ past participle in main clause. Counterfactual conditional II sentences express
facts which are untrue in the past.

Çalışsaydı sınavı kazanacaktı. = if he had worked, he would have won the exam.
(geçmiş zaman-past tense) (gelecek zamanın geçmişi-future tense in the past tense)

İf they had eaten their spinach, they would have gotten iron their diet.
IF + past perfect would have + past participle

According to this sentence, they did not eat their spinach (if they had eaten their spinach= they did not eat their spinach), so they did not get iron in their diet.


The truth value of these conditional sentence types can be summarized as follows

True- Factual conditionals
Possibly true in the future -Future conditionals
Less possible true in the future- Hypothetical condtionals
Untrue- Counterfactual conditionals

5- First past tense then conditional (se-sa) is used

- to talk about events that we do not know if they happened in the past

Çalışmadıysa, sınavı kazanamayacak.
(past tense+se-sa) (future tense)

(He did not study so he will not be able to win the exam)

-to talk about events that we know they absolutely happened in the past.

Ne yaptıysam sizin için yaptım.
(Whatever i did, i did for you)

Bir kitabını aldıysam ne olur.
(İ took a book of you. What is wrong with it ? )