Quoting sofia-gr:

I wanted to ask some questions about vocabulary and structure which came up as i was studying turkish the other day...

1) What's the difference in the meaning and in the use of "zorunda olmak" and "zorunda kalmak". I've mostly come across "zorunda olmak" when using the present tense [-iyor, eg: şimdi hemen gitmek zorundayım], while "zorunda kalmak" appeared in almost all tenses [eg. Bir başlarsa devam etmek zorunda kalır/ Madem işime geri dönmek zorunda kaldım, onu göremedim], but i don't know if this has to do with its use. Can we say "zorunda oldum?" instead of "zorunda kaldım"- although it seems to me that "oldum" (if it can be used) implies that something happened and obliged someone to do something.

2) Is "anlamış değilim" the same as "anlamamışım"? If not, what's the difference between them? If yes, is that the way all verbs can be conjugated? [eg. is 'hiçbir şey hazırlamış değilim' the same as 'hiçbir şey hazırlamamışım'?]

3) what is the turkish phrase that equals to the english "bless you"?

4) Could you give me examples with the words "farzet ki", "hiç değilse", "hiç olmazsa", "yahut", "veyahut". I'm a little confused about their exact use.

A million thanks in advance