I have been noting English words that have two Turkish equivalants

Some of you experts out there may be able to tell me if some have subtle different meanings or some may be simply old Turkish words as opposed to words of Arabic origin with the same meaning.

 eg Black.. Kara (Turk) Siyah (Arabic)

Queries;

Rake  ... Tarak and Tirmik

Marble ...Mermek and Bilye

Bag.... Torba and Poşet (spelling?)

Grass..... Çimin and Ot

Some other queries

I believe the word for a flat (apartment) is Daire in Turkish this is also a circle ?

If you wnted to say ".....is a picture" I have seen it written as "resmidir" is this a mistake ?

Shouldn´t it be "resimdir"

and finally

I believe a sail is Yelken , but what is a sailing ship Yelken Gemi maybe ?

Quoting Dilliduduk from a previous post commenting about kara and siyah:

Thanks for the interesting responses.

I still don´t follow the "This is her picture" ..... "Onun resmidir" why has it dropped an i.

I would have expected it to be "Onun resimidir" ?

Some Turkish nouns lose their final vowel (apocopate) when a suffix which itself begins with a vowel is added to the noun.
As an example: izin - leave, time off - becomes izn-im [NOT izin-im] - my leave (ie the final vowel of the noun root is dropped when adding a suffix which begins in a vowel.

Adding a vowel does affect the Noun
iznim - my leave - iznimden - [izn-im-den] - since my time off..
The Final Vowel in the noun is lost when adding -im - my.. suffix (which begins with a vowel)

Adding a consonant does NOT affect the Noun
izindeyim - [izin-de-yim] - I am on leave..
Here the vowel of izin is not lost as the first suffix -de begins with a consonant

Some Examples of Possessive Adjectives being added

fikrimiz - our idea - from fikir
keyfi - his/her joy - from keyif
oğlum - my son - from oğul
boynu - his neck - from boyun
nakli - his transport - from nakil
ahdi - his promise - from ahit
In the last two examples above that the final consonant -t has Mutated to its soft form -d.

kaybı - his loss - from - kayıp also undergoes a softening of the consonant -p to -b.
We can thus see that the rules of Consonant Mutation are still observed in the reduced form of the noun. There are some words in this list which do not soften their root vowel as they may be considered (a) Single Syllable Words or (b) Foreign Word Imports. As an example we cite: vakit (arb.) - time, occasion - which becomes - vaktim - my time

Some Examples of Case Suffixes being added

Mehmet filmi seyretmiş - It seems Mehmet watched the film - (film-i)
Here the Direct Object suffix -i affects the noun - filim - film
Ali´nin alnı terliyor - Ali´s forehead is sweating - (Ali´nin aln-ı
Here the word - forehead - is in the Possessive Relationship which affects the noun - alın - shortening it to aln-.

Onun resmini beğendim -  I like his-her picture. resim--> i drops, resmi +ni

Note: That if we add a suffix which begins with a consonant, then the root word retains its basic form:
ağızda - in the mouth
beyinden - from the brain
kayıptan - from the loss
But of course the root word is shortened (apocopated) as stated above, if the first added suffix begins with a vowel:
ağzında - [ağz-ı-nda] - in his mouth
beynimden - [beyn-im-den] - from my brain
kaybımızdan - [kayb-ımız-dan] - from our loss

Thanks Tunci for such a full explanation. I can appreciate why this is done, as the two vowels (apart from any other additions) make it more awkward to say.