The difference between a few and few, if we talk about countables, what is is then?

Partiye az kişi geldi ---> Few people came to the party.

Birkaçı partiden erken ayrıldı ---> Afew of them left the party early

Partiye çok kişi geldi ---> Many people came to the party.

Different between a few and few

They both are used with countable noun.

Few, when used without a preceding a, means "very few" or "none at all". On the other hand, a few is used to indicate "not a large number". The difference is subtle, yet there are instances where the two can mean completely opposite things.

I have a few objections to the vendor´s proposed approach. implies that I am not on board with the vendor´s proposal. I have some objections, but not so many as to say "I have several objections...". Nevertheless, I have objections that need to be addressed.

I have a few objections = birkaç itirazım var

I have few objections to the vendor´s proposed approach. is a more positive statement that implies I am more or less on board with the proposal. It is not a whole-hearted endorsement, but I barely have any objections at all.

I have few objections = çok az itirazım var

-I have a few apples. This means that 2 or 3 apples is enough for me.
-I have few apples. This means that 2 or 3 apples that I have is not still enough, I still need more.

I don´t think we have the above nuance of "few" and "a few" in Turkish. Just a little bit of approximation like this:

I have a few apples = birkaç elmam var. (countable)

I have few apples = çok az elmam var.

Biraz elmam var = I have some (of an) apple (uncountable)

Çok az elmam var = I have a little of an apple (uncountable)

Thanks, tunci, si++. You are so full of knowledge it bubbles out of you. You just need more challenging learners here.

Do you remember, there was a short discussion about a similar matter here a few months ago: a member wanted to know how to express ‘too big’, ‘too much’ in the opposition with ‘very big’, ‘very much’. Only çok was mentioned in the beginning (it is a word with a huge meaning), later aşırı and fazla with some reservations. Anyway, it seemed that ‘too’ and ‘very’ is not a very central opposition in Turkish.

I am fond of pronouns in every language. Just a few pawns to play with, not much to remember but a huge world of meanings. If you learn them well you can give listeners the impression you really master the language. And if you don’t you just end up in troubles in your first sentence because they are so frequent in speech. What is special about Turkish pronouns is the use of possessive suffixes in them. Just like they have both indefinite and definite meanings.

Possessive suffixes are very handy/practical in Turkish. Every learner should master that subject.

The ownership suffix seems easy, if I could confirm the need to put the -n to possesive suffix, affixed to nouns already ending in a vowel, when its a compound possesive? 

Mavili´nin gözü. Kedinin oyuncası.

Genitive seems easy but it can get too complicated. A great deal of Turkish grammar is based on this easy seeming construction (genitive and possessive all together).

Your examples are " belirtili isim tamlamasi" [determined noun phrase].

The genitive suffix seems easy, if I could confirm the need to put the -n to genitive suffix, affixed to nouns already ending in a vowel, when its a compound possesive? 

Mavili´nin gözü. Kedinin oyuncağı.

Mavili --> Noun

Mavili + n [ this "n" is buffer because the noun ends with vowel ] + in [genitive suffix]

So it is all to do with "buffer business" , between the modifier [Mavili ] and genitive suffix [in]

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Note ! :

Okul  kitap + ı [possesive "its]]

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Benim okul kitabım

my  school book

   kitap  + ım [possesive "my"]

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Note ! ;

Modifiers can give information about what the head word is made of. In this type of Noun phrases, modifier is a nominative noun with certain meanings and the head word is a noun with any possessive and case marker.

Altın  Saat

Gold  watch

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Tahta Kapı

wooden door

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Demir para

iron [metal] money

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I am curious where did you get that translation for it from?

 Surely you must know what " belirtili isim tamlaması " means.

when it comes to that translation , it´s equivalent in english ,  I myself translated it as "determined noun phrase " but you can say " defined noun phrase" or "defined noun clause ".....

Belirtili isim tamlaması is a Turkish grammar term. OK. But trying a literal translation by yourself is problematic and does not produce a good naming for English speakers.

First of all "isim tamlaması" can be translated as "compound noun" then if we want to bring the "belirtili" into it I would choose "determinative" for example.

Determinative compound noun

OK then out of curiosity I tried to google it. And indeed there is such a term in English.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_noun

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_compound