şifayı  kapmak ----> literally "to  get a cure", which means in fact " to get sick " , it looks like it is a contradictive phrase, however, at present day  we use it in opposite meaning which is " to get sick"

Şifayı  kaptım [kapmışım] ---> I am ill. 

I am laughing! yes, we say this "when pigs fly"; I am thinking this exact phrase as I read your post. Seems to be a funny phrase but "when a fish climbs up to a poplar tree" seems even funnier. I am saving all of these to impress my Turkish friends here in Canada

and yes, I am of this belief....we are all sons and daughters of Adam and Eve. I feel so blessed that my life has been made that much better by the Turkish that I meet. Somehow your world has made my world better

Şeytan görsün yüzünü  !---> Literally " May Satan see his face", we use this phrase when we refer someone that we are angry with and we never want to see him around. by saying this phrase we kind of cursing that person with hatret.  Personally I don´t like this phrase.

Şeytan görsün yüzünü ! --> I don´t want to see him again ! [May only Satan see him. ]

Pamuk eller cebe  literaly means "cotton hands to the pocket".

Someone can say this to you when you have to give money for something.

Note1: I dont know why we say cotton hands. Maybe there is a connection between having soft hands and being stingy . 

Note2: By the way my hands are really soft but I am not stingy. Or am I? 

Tahtaya   vur --->  Literally "Hit the wood."  we say this phrase when we want our luck or a good situation to continue. There is almost the same phrase in English which is " Touch wood" or  "Knock on wood".

I think we got this phrase from shamanism [  the ancient religion of the Turks and Mongols ]. Since the Shamanism is based on the premise that the visible world is pervaded by invisible forces or spirits which affect the lives of the living. Giving the spirit to the wood.

bizde de var..

i think there is a logical connection in this expression. pamuk eller means hands as soft as cotton. people who dont have too much money tend to work on hard works and their hands are not soft enough compared to people who have more money. so you request money from cotton handed people! i see an ironic joke here.

That is a very logical explanation. Thanks.

Anca beraber kanca beraber

together at good and bad, all for one and one for all..

"Yarım  elma  gönül [hatır] alma. "---> Literally " Half an apple taking the heart" which really means, " you can win people´s heart with small things [gestures, gifts ]. 

For example; Say, you visit your friend , If you just buy  him/her even a small present, you can win his/her heart. When you buy your friend a present, it doesn´t have to be an expensive thing. A small present or something that you made at home [cake] will make you win your friends heart. Because he /she will think that he/she is remembered and cared by you. Even if you can´t afford to buy something, then you can make a homemade cake to take that person. Your thinking will be appreciated by that person.