I thought that the ´dik´ and ´en´ endings indicated object and subject participles? How do tenses come into it? I´m confused now.
Adam, they have tense characteristics as they they come from verbs.
Lets see some of them ;
Past -dik [The verbal adjectives formed of -dik can carry both tenses though [past - present]
Kestiğin ekmek [ The bread which I cut [sliced]
Here, it is verbal adjective since it describes the noun [bread]
The action of slicing the bread was performed in the past. Therefore, it has tense which is past.
Kestiğin ekmeği masaya koy.
Put the bread you sliced on the table.
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* Sevdiğim arkadaş ---> This may cause confusion, since, this type of forms with -dik participle can indicate the present.
The friend I love [like] ---> The friend I love now , not only in the past. So we need the whole context to decide.
Ece sevdiğim bir arkadaştı. ---> Ece was friend of mine whom I loved [liked].
From the sentence above, It is not very clear that if the speaker still loves his friend or something else happened and he changed his mind about loving his friend.
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Present Participle -en
Yürüyen adam ---> A man who is walking
The action of walking is happening at present moment.
Yoldan geçen adam ---> The man who is passing the street.
Yoldan geçen adamı tanıyor musun ? ---> Do you know the man who is passing the street ?
The action of his passing the street is occuring at present time.
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However, it may also indicate the past due to the context ;
Açılan fabrika
Geçen hafta açılan fabrikayı gördün mü ?
Have you seen the factory which was opened last week.
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