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* Those are not totaly interchangeable words.
* In reported sentences with participles, we use "söylemek" . If there is no participle we use " demek"
- Sınavın zor olduğunu söyledi.
He/ She said the exam was difficult.
-"Sınav zor" dedi.
" The exam is difficult " he said.
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- İki yıldır Türkçe öğrendiğini söyledi.
He/She said he/she had been learning Turkish for two years.
- " İki yıldır Türkçe öğreniyorum " dedi.
" I have been learning Turkish for 2 years" he/she said.
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* In imperatives , "söylemek" is preferred.
Hadi , söyle [bana] ! ---> Come on, tell me !
* When you ask someone to say [to tell] something to someone else, use "söylemek"
Sami´ye söyle bugün işe erken gitsin.
Tell Sami to go to work early today.
* And in some cases, all may be used as to say [to tell] something to someone.
Ona ne dedin ? ---> What did you say to him/her ?
Ona ne söyledin ? ---> What did you tell him /her ?
Ona ne anlattın ? ----> What did you tell/say to him/her ?
* The difference is "anlatmak " sounds more detailed "saying/telling". In other words, you are not just saying something but you are also explaining your message to other person.
As you may noticed, it is derivation of the verb "anlamak " = to understand. Therefore, you are intending someone to understand [to belive in ] something.
anla + t + mak
* " Anlatmak " also means " narrate " something to someone.
Çocuk babasına olan biteni anlattı.
The child told his father about what happened.
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