In Turkish they are called "yardımcı fiiller" (helping verbs). They help to create verb names (infinitives) out of nouns. I have already given many examples above.
These are helping verbs in Turkish. Next to each I have added an example.
almak > makas almak, duş almak
atmak > göz atmak
bulunmak > lutufta bulunmak
durmak > bakadurmak
etmek > dans etmek
geçmek > dalga geçmek
gelmek > karambole gelmek
getirmek > oyuna getirmek
gitmek > hoşa gitmek
göstermek >itaat göstermek
kalmak > bakakalmak
olmak > gitmez oldu, yapmaz oldu
vermek > gidivermek, yapıvermek
yapmak > piyasa yapmak
The examples are infinitives. For instance "dans etmek" is an infinitive and "dalga geçmek" is another infinitive.
In a sentence what you call main verb is called the predicate.
In Turkish we don't have main verbs in sentences. We have prdicates (yüklem). The predicate can be a noun or verb.
The infinitives I have mentioned above (dans etmek, dalga gçmek etc.) and one word infinitives (koşmak, sevmek etc) are not different. They can be a prdicate or not when used in a sentence. A verb can be a predicate or not in a sentence. This doesn't have anything to do with our issue.
Let me show you an example with an ordinary verb:
yüzmek:
1. "Denizde yüzüyorum."
In this sentence the predicate is yüzüyorum. Since yüzüyorum is a conjugation of the verb yüzmek we say that this is a verb sentence. In other words, the predicate is a verb. Bu cümlede yüklem fiildir.
2. Denizde yüzmek yasak.
The predicate in this sentence is "yasak". "Denizde yüzmek" is the subject.
3. "Sana yol göstermek istiyorum." In this sentence the predicate is "istiyorum" and "yol göstermek" is the object.
The topic is very simple actually. Let me try to summarize in another way:
There are infinitives. A infinitive is a word that is a name of a verb. For instance koşmak, yüzmek, gitmek, bakmak etc are infinitives. Also 'söz vermek', 'yardım etmek', 'dans etmek', 'demir atmak' are infinitives as well.
An infinitive can be anything in a sentence. It can be the object, subject or predicate.
Helping verbs in Turkish (etmek, olmak, yapmak, vermek etc) are helping to create verb names (infinitives). These verbs are ordinary verbs at the same time.
Ordinary verbs:
yapmak > to make
vermek > to give
almak > to buy, to take
olmak > to be, to become
Auxiliary verbs:
teşekkür etmek > to thank
dans etmek > to dance
söz vermek > to promise
duş almak > to take a shower
The "vermek" in "söz vermek" has nothing to do with the ordinary infinive "vermek".
Examples:
"Geri döneceğime söz veriyorum."
The prediacte in this sentence is "söz veriyorum" and not just veriyorum.
"Kalemi bana ver."
The predicate in this sentence is "ver".
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