The possessive suffixes have only one type.
If you remember, I had said that the meaning stays the same even though you don´t use the personal pronouns. Yep! You can think the same thing for posession too. Even if you don´t use the possessive pronouns, it is understood. But, if you want to emphasise that something is belongs to you, you must use. Otherwise, there is no difference.
If the word ends with consonant, the possessive suffixes take narrow vowels as helper vowels. In these situations, the "-im"(personal) and "-(i)m" (possessive), "-in" (genitive) and "-(i)n"(possessive) seem the same. But you seperate them as long as you comprehend the topic ;) It´s not too difficult.
ülke (country)
ülke + m ----> (benim) ülkem = my country ülke + n ----> (senin) ülken = your country ülke + i -----> (onun) ülkesi = his/her/its country ülke + miz --> (bizim) ülkemiz = our country ülke + niz ---> (sizin) ülkeniz = your country ülke + leri ---> (onların) ülkeleri*
* why? ülke + ler (plural) --> ülkeler (countries) ülke + ler (plural) + i (possessive) --> ülkeleri=1his/her/its countries, 2their countries ülke + leri (possessive) ---> ülkeleri=their country
The problem is solved like that :
onun ülke+i(possessive) onun ülkesi=his/her/its country
onun ülke+ler(plural)+i(possessive) onun ülkeleri=his/her/its countries
onların ülke+i(possessive) onların ülkesi=their country
onların ülke+ler(plural)+i(possessive) onların ülkeleri=their countries
if you want to make "ülkeler (countries)" accusative: ülke+ler(plural)+i(possessive) --> ülkeleri :D
oda (room)
oda + m----->odam=my room oda + n------>odan=your room oda + ı------->odası=his/her/its room oda + mız---->odamız=our room oda + nız----->odanız=your room oda + ları----->odaları=their room
oda+lar(plural)-->odalar=rooms
odalar+m---->odalarım=my rooms odalar+n----->odaların=your rooms odalar+ı------>odaları=his/her/its rooms. odalar+mız--->odalarımız=our rooms odalar+nız---->odalarınız=your rooms odalar+ı------>odaları=their rooms onun odası=his/her/its room onun odaları=his/her/its rooms onların odası=their room onların odaları=their rooms
i will not write "he/she/it" or "her/his/its" more, i will write only "his" or "her". I think you have understood there is one 3rd singular in Turkish.
so as to see the difference "-m" and "-im", "-n" and "-in", and remind the accusative "-i" and possessive "-i"
öğrenci + m---->öğrencim=my student öğrenci + im---->öğrenciyim=i am student
öğrenci + n---->öğrencin=your student öğrenci + in---->öğrencinin=of the student
öğrenci + i (possessive)-->öğrencisi=his student öğrenci + i (accusative)--->öğrenciyi=the student (acc.)
öğretmen + m---->öğretmenim=my teacher öğretmen + im--->öğretmenim=i am teacher
Doktor değilim; öğretmenim. = I´m teacher, not doctor. O benim öğretmenim.=He is my teacher.
öğretmen + n---->öğretmenin=your student öğretmen + in--->öğretmenin=of the teacher
O adam senin öğretmenin mi? = Is that man your teacher? Mavi araba öğretmenin mi? = Is the blue car the teacher´s one?
öğretmen + i (possessive)----->öğretmeni=his teacher öğretmen + i (accusative)------>öğretmeni=the teacher (acc.)
Ahmet Bey* onların öğretmeni. = Mr. Ahmet is their teacher. Öğrenciler yeni gelen öğretmeni çok sevdi.=The students have loved the teacher who has just come very much.
*in English the people are called with the surname in the situations of "mr." and "mrs.", but we call with the fore name. (bey=mr., hanım=mrs. : Ahmet Bey, Ayşe Hanım) (alternative: bay=mr, bayan=mrs : Bay Ahmet, Bayan Ayşe. but this isn´t preferred much. the first type is used almost everytime. what´s more, not "almost", everytime.)
arkadaş + m--->arkadaşım=my friend arkadaş + m(pos. of 1st sng.) + sın (pers. of 2nd sng.) --> arkadaşımsın (you are my friend)
akraba (relative) akraba + ları (pos.) + da (loc.) ---> akrabalarında (remember the combinative "n") Otelde değil, akrabalarında kaldılar. (They stayed at their relative, not at the hotel.)
akraba + mız(pos.) + da(loc.) + ız (pers. of 1st plu.)--> akrabamızdayız (we are at our relative)
ev + m(pos.) + den(abl.) ---> evimden (from my home)
Tabakları evimden getirdim. (I brought the plates from my home)
köy + niz(pos.) + i(acc.) ----> köyünüzü (your village (accusative))
Köyünüzü çok mu özlediniz? (Did you miss your village very much?)
yan (nearside, beside) yan + n(pos.) + da(loc.) + ız (pers. of 1st plu.) --> yanındayız (we are beside you) (direct: we are at your nearside)
arka (backside, back, behinde) arka + m(pos.) + da(loc.) mı + sın(pers. of 2nd sng.) --> arkamda mısın? (are you behind me?) (direct: are you at my backside?)
ön (frontside, front) ön + miz (pos.) + de(loc.) değil+siniz(pers. of 2nd plur.)-> önümüzde değilsiniz=you aren´t in front of us.
arka + n(pos.) + e(dat.) --> arkana (to your backside) Hemen arkana bakmalısın. = You should look behind immadiately. (direct: ...look at your backside ...)
oda + lar(plu.) + miz (pos.) + de (loc.) + iz (pers. of 1st plu.) ---> odalarımızdayız (we are in our rooms.) (could you notice the order of the suffixes?) Hepimiz odalarımızdayız. (All of us are in our rooms)
dede + miz(pos.) + in(genitive) ---> dedemizin (of our grandfather)
O ev dedemizindi. (That house was our grandfather´s one)
çok (1very, 2much, many, 3too) çok + miz(pos.) --> çoğumuz (most of us) çok + niz(pos.) --->çoğunuz (most of you) çok + i(pos.) ----->çoğu (most of them)
Çoğu öğrenci sınavda benzer notlar aldı. (Most of students have taken similiar notes at the exam.)
Çoğumuz hasta/hastayız. (Most of us are sick.)
Haberi çoğu yalanladı. (Most of them denied the news.)
I´m going to teach a different conjugation. This type is used in spoken language much more.
benim araba senin araba bizim araba sizin araba
It is the same "onun arabası, onların arabası". By another expression: The possessive suffixes are still being used for third people -both of singular and plural ones-. In this situation, you must use the personal pronouns of the first and second singulars and plurals.
kitap (book) Senin kitap bende. (Your book is at me.) [senin kitap: colloquial expression) Senin kitabın bende. [ordinary expression] ben + de(loc.)
oğlan (boy, son) Bizim oğlanlar bugün çok uyudu. (Our sons have slept today very much.) Bizim oğlanlarımız bugün çok uyudu. [the sentence above sounds more ordinarily. you can always use "oğlanlar" in this situation]
köy + den (abl.) Hasan (a boy name) Hasan bizim köyden. (Hasan is from our village) [colloquial expression] Hasan bizim köyümüzden. [ordinary expression]
Grammatically it is possible to say "senin anne (your mother)", "bizim baba (our father)", "benim dede (my grandfather)" etc. But this type is very odd to hear for the family members who are older than you. It can be used for "oğlan (son, boy)", "kız (girl, daughter)", "karı, hanım (wife)", "koca (husband)".
sınav (exam) Sizin sınav ne zaman? (When is your exam?) [colloquial version] Sizin sınavınız ne zaman? [normal version] |
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