Let´s remember the 1st type of personal suffixes:

There is a verb called "imek" in Turkish. This is almost always hidden. This is seen as "idi (i+di)", "imiş (i+miş)", "ise (i+se)", "iyor (i+yor)". We are going to study "-yor" now.

The suffix of present continuous tense is "-yor". If you remember from the first lessons, the letters "o" and "ö" couldn´t be in the next syllables, namely, they would be able to be in only first syllable. Therefore you may get doubt, why "-yor"? This suffix is an exception. It has a historical story.

Let´s choose a verb randomly: yapmak (to do)

First step: remove the infinitive suffix ---> yap-

Second step: add the tense suffix.

If the last letter of the verb is consonant, "-yor" takes a narrow vowel in front of it. Let´s remember the narrow vowels: ı,i,u,ü. And this narrow vowel are the verb "imek" indeed.

yap+(ı)yor ---> yapıyor.

Third step: add the personal suffix.

yap+(ı)yor+im ----> yapıyorum (I´m doing)

kahvaltı (breakfast)

Kahvaltı yapıyorum. (i´m having breakfast (direct: i´m doing breakfast))

kasaba (the town)

nüfus (the population)

yaz (the summer)

yazın (in the summer)

artmak (to increase) (intransitive)

kasaba+in nüfus+i ---> kasabanın nüfusu (the population of the town)

art+(ı)yor+ - ---> artıyor (it´s increasing)

Kasabanın nüfusu yazın artıyor. (The population of the town is increasing in summer.)

I will write the narrow vowel of "imek" no more. You can learn it either as "imek" or the helper vowel. Both of the ways go the same result. I will write only "-yor"

film (the movie)

izlemek (1to watch, 2to follow)

If the last letter of the verb is large vowel (e,a), "y" makes those large vowels narrow (ı,i,u,ü).

izle+yor+iz ----> izliyoruz (we are watching)

-Ne yapıyorsunuz? (yap+yor+siniz--->yapıyorsunuz) (What are you doing?)

-Film izliyoruz. (We´re watching movie)

konuşmak (2to talk, 1to speak)

anlamak (to understand)

anla+ma(negation)+yor+im--->anlamıyorum (I don´t understand (direct: I´m not understanding))

İngilizce anlamıyorum, Türkçe konuş. (Speak in Turkish, I don´t understand in English)

şimdi (now, at the moment)

akşam (the evening)

yemek (1the meal, 2to eat)

akşam yemek+i ---> akşam yemeği (the dinner (direct: the evening meal))

ye+yor+lar--->yiyorlar (they are eating)

Şimdi akşam yemeği yiyorlar. (They´re having dinner at the moment)

her (every)

yaz (the summer)

genellikle (usually)

temmuz (July)

Akdeniz (the Mediterranean Sea)

gitmek (to go)

temmuz+da(loc.)--->temmuzda (in July)

git+yor+ - ---> gidiyor (s/he is going)

The softening of consonants is seen only at the verbs "etmek" and "gitmek" in this case.

Her yaz, genellikle temmuzda, Akdeniz´e gidiyor. (He is going to Mediterranean Sea every summer, usually in July.)

defter (the notebook)

hep (everytime, continuously)

ev (the house, the home)

unutmak (to forget)

defter+n(pos. of 2nd sing.)+i(accusative)--->defterini=1 your notebook (accusative), 2 his/her notebook (accusative)

senin=your

onun=his/her.

unut+yor+im--->unutuyorum (i forget (direct: i´m forgetting))

Senin defterini hep evde unutuyorum. (I forget your notebook at home everytime)

How to ask question in present continuous??

Do you remember the question tag? : "mı"

Let´s choose two verbs randomly and conjugate it: bilmek (to know), anlamak (to understand)

Positive:

Negative:

Remove the infinitive suffix. Add "-yor" to the root. You need to bring the question tag to the root so as to make question.

examples both of positive and negative types:

anla+yor mu ---> anlıyor mu?

mi+im --> miyim

mi+sin--> misin

mi+- ---> mi

mi+iz ---> miyiz

mi+siniz --> misiniz

-ler mi ---> -ler mi

anlıyor muyum? (do i understand?) (direct: Am I understanding?)

anlıyor musun? (do you understand?) (d. : Are you understanding?)

anlıyor mu? (does s/he understand?) (d. : Is s/he understanding?)

anlıyor muyuz? (do we understand?) (d. : Are we understanding?)

anlıyor musunuz? (do you understand?) (d.:Are you understanding?)

anlıyorlar mı? (do they understand? (d. : Are they understanding?)

bil+me+yor mi ---> bilmiyor mu?

bilmiyor muyum? (don´t I know?) (direct: am I not knowing?)

bilmiyor musun? (don´t you know?) (direct: aren´t you knowing?)

bilmiyor mu? (doesn´t s/he know?) (d. : isn´t he/she knowing?)

bilmiyor muyuz? (don´t we know?) (d: aren´t we knowing?)

bilmiyor musunuz? (don´t you know? (d: aren´t you knowing?)

bilmiyorlar mı? (don´t they know?) (d: aren´t they knowing?)

hatırlamak (to remember)