!) At the positive case of present simple tense too, the 1st type of personal suffixes are used.

!) The suffix of present simple tense is "-r". If the verb is ending with a vowel, there is no event. Add "-r" directly. But if it´s ending with a consonant:

!!)If it is a monosyllabic verb, there are two possibilities:

!!!)If the verb is ending with a hard consonant (reminding the hard consonants: f,h,s,ş,p,ç,t,k), the helper vowel* is large, namely "e" or "a". (I think I don´t need to talk about vowel harmonies.)

!!!)If the verb is ending with a soft consonant, it may be either narrow or large.

!!) If it is a polisyllabic verb, the helper vowel is a narrow vowel.

!) At the negative case of this tense, the third type of personal suffixes are used. Let´s see the 3rd type. No, I shall show them when their time come.

yemek (to eat)

yemek --> ye- --> ye+r --> yer

yer+im----->yerim (I eat)

yer+sin---->yersin (you eat)

yer+- ----->yer (he/she/it eats)

yer+iz----->yeriz (we eat)

yer+siniz--->yersiniz (you eat)

yer+ler----->yerler (they eat)

yer miyim?---> (do I eat?)

yer misin?---->(do you eat?)

yer mi?------>(does s/he/it eat?)

yer miyiz?---->(do we eat?)

yer misiniz?--->(do you ea t?)

yerler mi?----->(do they eat?)

sabah (morning)

o (he/she/it)

yumurta (the egg)

genellikle/genelde (usually)

Sabah o genelde yumurta yer. (He usually eats egg in the morning)

yavaş (slow)

konuşmak (to understand)

daha iyi (better)

anlamak (to understand)

anla+r+iz ---> anlarız (we understand)

Yavaş konuşursan daha iyi anlarız. (We understand better if you speak slowly)

Like you see, if the last letter of the verb is vowel, we add directly "-r", whether that vowel is monosyllabic or polisyllabic. There is no difference.

yatmak (1to lie (=uzanmak), 2to go to the bed)

Do you see "yat-" is ending with "t", namely with a hard consonant. You should understand quickly that a large vowel is gonna be helper.

yat+r ----> yatar (*helper vowel: it can´t be "yatr"; a vowel requires between those two consonants)

yat+r+lar ---> yatarlar

onlar (they)

hep (everytime, continuously)

yer (the floor)

yer+de(loc.)--->yerde (on the floor)

Onlar hep yerde yatar. (They always lie on the floor)

Why not "yatarlar" ? The sentence would be "Onlar hep yerde yatarlar". The plural meaning has already been expressed by the pronoun (onlar), "-ler" is unnecessary. But if you want, you can use of course.

bura (this place, here)

köprü (the bridge)

 üç (three)

dakika (the minute)

koşmak (to run)

bura+dan(abl.)--->buradan (from here)

köprü+e--------->köprüye (to the bridge)

dakika+da(loc.)--->dakikada (in minute)

koş+r mı+sın ----->koşar mısın? (do you run?)

Buradan köprüye üç dakikada koşar mısın? (Do you run from here until the bridge in three minutes?)

"t" and "ş" were two of hard consonants. It was clear that a large vowel would come. But now it´s not very clear because the verbs are ending with soft consonants. I´m gonna write the most used approximately forty monosyllabic verbs as a chart. Don´t be afraid, it´s not difficult to learn them. If you remember, there are also about hundred irregular verbs in English and all of us have learnt them quickly. You have no right to say "I can´t learn".

*1 : para bozmak:

For example, I have 10 liras. I´m giving it to you, and you are giving back to me two 5 liras. If you want, you give ten 1 liras. "para bozmak" is this.

examples:

Kitabını bana verir misin? (Do you give your book to me?)

fazla (much)

yemek (1to eat, 2the meal)

bu kadar/şu kadar (this much/that much)

ekmek (the bread)

doymak (to be/get satisfied)

ekmek+le--->ekmekle (with bread)

Fazla yemem, bu kadar ekmekle doyarım. (I don´t eat very much, I get satisfied by this much bread)

köy (the village)

gitmek (to go)

amca (the uncle (the brother of the father))

-gil (group meaning)

kalmak (to stay)

köy+e(dat.) ---> köye (to the village)

amca+m(pos. of 1st sing.)--->amcam

amca+m+gil ---> amcamgil (my uncle and his family)

amcamgil+de--->amcamgilde (at my uncle and his family)

kal+r+iz ------>kalırız (we stay)

Köye gittiğimizde amcamgilde kalırız. (We stay at my uncle when we go to the village)

okul (the school)

ne zaman? (when?)

gelmek (to come)

okul+dan(abl.)---->okuldan (from the school)

gel+r+sin--------->gelirsin (you come)

Okuldan ne zaman gelirsin? (When do you come from the school?)

İngilizce (English language)

bilmek (to know)

bil+r mi+ -?

İngilizce bilir mi/biliyor mu? (Can s/he speak English? (direct: Does s/he know English?))

Çince bilirim/biliyorum. (I can speak Chinese. (direct: I know Chinese.))

Çinceyi iyi biliriz. (We can speak Chinese well. (direct: We know the Chinese well.))