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the suffix -dir - 4

If the beginning point of the duration is unclear, you can use "-dir". You can also use "-den beri".

 

"beri" means "nearer side, closer side". If you use it together with the ablative case, it means "since, for". In this case, the beginning point is clear. With another words: if there is a definite date, you have only one alternative. It´s "-den beri".

But the beginning point is not clear, you are allowed to use both of them.

 

The rules are just these. It´s unnecessary to give a plenty of examples for the same things.

 

Temmuz (July)

Temmuz+den beri--------------->Temmuz´dan beri (since July)

You can´t say "Temmuz´dur" because we are talking about a definite beginning point.

 

iki ay (two months)

iki ay+dir----------------------->iki aydır (for two months)

/iki ay+den beri----------------->iki aydan beri

We understand there is a duration for two months. But we can´t know this duration´s beginning point.

 

dört (four), saat (hour), sınır (border), kapı (door)

dört saat+dir------------------->dört saattir (for four hours)

/dört saat+den beri------------->dört saatten beri

sınır kapı+ı(poss.)--------------->sınır kapısı (the border gate)

 

Dört saattir sınır kapısındayız. (We are at the border gate for four hours.)

/Dört saatten beri sınır kapısındayız.

 

altı (six), ay (month), Finlandiya (Finland), geçen (last (direct: the one that has passed)), hafta (week)

 

Altı aydır Finlandiya´daydı. Türkiye´ye geçen hafta geldi. (He was in Finland for six months. He came to Turkey last week.)

 

birkaç (a few), gün (day), boş zaman (free time (direct: empty time)), hiç (never), olmak (to be)

 

boş zaman+m----------------->boş zamanım (my free time)

ol+ma+yor-------------------->olmuyor (it isn´t being)

 

Birkaç gündür hiç boş zamanım olmuyor. (I have never been having free time for a few days.)

/Birkaç günden beri hiç boş zamanım olmuyor.

 

We can´t know, on which day did he started not to have free time. 

 

gün+ler(plural)--->günler (days)

gün+ler+dir------>günlerdir (for days)

ay+lar----------->aylar (months)

ay+lar+dır------->aylardır (for months)

yıl+lar----------->yıllar (years)

yıl+lar+dır-------->yıllardır (for years) etc. etc.

 

the type of "günlerden beri", "aylardan beri" etc. aren´t preferred very much.

 

geçen (last), yıl (year), dört (four), kaza (1accident, 2crash), olmak (to happen, to occur)

 

geçen yıl+dan beri------------>geçen yıldan beri (since last year)

 

Geçen yıldan beri burada dört kaza oldu. (Four accidents happened here since last year.)

 

2001 (iki bin bir), beş (five), kez,defa,sefer,kere (time), şampiyon (champion), olmak (to become)

 

2001´den beri beş kez şampiyon oldunuz. (You became champion five times since 2001.)




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