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Tenses inTurkish
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1. |
30 Jan 2006 Mon 10:13 pm |
I was trying to explain to Bod the Turkish tenses and I realised the existing sources were not suitable enough for this study. So here we have Turkish tenses once again shown my way:
Simple Tenses |
- |
- |
1.singular |
2.singular |
3.singular |
1.plural |
2.plural |
3.plural |
simple past |
-di |
geldim |
geldin |
geldi |
geldik |
geldiniz |
geldi
/geldiler
|
aorist/simple present |
-er |
gelirim |
gelirsin |
gelir |
geliriz |
gelirsiniz |
gelir
/gelirler
|
present continuous |
-iyor |
geliyorum |
geliyorsun |
geliyor |
geliyoruz |
geliyorsunuz |
geliyor /geliyorlar |
reported past |
-miş |
gelmişim |
gelmişsin |
gelmiş |
gelmişiz |
gelmişsiniz |
gelmiş /gelmişler |
future |
-ecek |
geleceğim |
geleceksin |
gelecek |
geleceğiz |
geleceksiniz |
gelecek /gelecekler |
conditional |
-se |
gelsem |
gelsen |
gelse |
gelsek |
gelseniz |
gelse
/gelseler
|
necessitive |
-meli |
gelmeliyim |
gelmelisin |
gelmeli |
gelmeliyiz |
gelmelisiniz |
gelmeli /gelmeliler |
imperative |
- |
- |
gel |
gelsin |
- |
gelin
geliniz
|
gelsin
/gelsinler
|
subjunctive |
- |
geleyim |
- |
- |
gelelim |
- |
- |
We have three auxiliaries to make compound tenses from simple tenses. Now, one by one we will apply these three auxiliaries to the simple tenses.
Narrative Auxiliary |
-di |
Reportive Auxiliary |
-miş |
Conditional Auxiliary |
-se |
Narrative Auxiliaries (-di) of Simple Tenses:
|
- |
- |
1.singular |
2.singular |
3.singular |
1.plural |
2.plural |
3.plural |
simple past |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
aorist/simple present |
-er+ -dı |
gelirdim |
<
span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: Georgia;">gelirdin |
gelirdi |
gelirdik |
gelirdiniz |
gelirdi
/gelirlerdi
|
present continuous |
-iyor+ -du |
geliyordum |
geliyordun |
geliyordu |
geliyorduk |
geliyordunuz |
geliyordu
/geliyorlardı
|
reported past |
-miş+ -di |
gelmiştim |
gelmiştin |
gelmişti |
gelmiştik |
gelmiştiniz |
gelmişti
/gelmişlerdi
|
future |
-ecek+ -di |
gelecektim |
gelecektin |
gelecekti |
gelecektik |
gelecektiniz |
gelecekti /geleceklerdi |
conditional |
-se + -di
|
gelseydim |
gelseydin |
gelseydi |
gelseydik |
gelseydiniz |
gelseydi
/gelselerdi
|
necessitive |
-meli + -di |
gelmeliydim |
gelmeliydin |
gelmeliydi |
gelmeliydik |
gelmeliydiniz |
gelmeliydi
/gelmeliydiler
|
imperative |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
subjunctive |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Reported (-miş ) Auxiliaries of Simple Tenses |
- |
- |
1.singular |
2.singular |
3.singular |
1.plural |
2.plural |
3.plural |
simple past |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
aorist/simple present |
-er + -miş |
gelirmişim |
gelirmişsin |
gelirmiş |
gelirmişiz |
gelirmişsiniz |
gelirmiş
/gelirlermiş
|
present continuous |
-iyor + -miş |
geliyormuşum |
geliyormuşsun |
geliyormuş |
geliyormuşuz |
geliyormuşsunuz |
geliyormuş
/geliyorlarmış
|
reported past |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
-- |
future |
-ecek + -miş |
gelecekmişim |
gelecekmişsin |
gelecekmiş |
gelecekmişiz |
gelecekmişsiniz |
gelecekmiş
/geleceklermiş
|
conditional |
-se + -miş |
gelseymişim |
gelseymişsin |
gelseymiş |
gelseymişiz |
gelseymişsiniz |
gelseymiş
/gelselermiş
|
necessitive |
-meli + -miş |
gelmeliymişim |
gelmeliymişsin |
gelmeliymiş |
gelmeliymişiz |
gelmeliymişsiniz |
gelmeliymiş
/gelmelilermiş
|
imperative |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
subjunctive |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Conditional (-se) Auxiliaries of Simple Tenses |
- |
- |
1.singular |
2.singular |
3.singular |
1.plural |
2.plural |
3.plural |
simple past |
-di + -se |
geldiysem |
geldiysen |
geldiyse |
geldiysek |
geldiyseniz |
geldiyse /geldilerse |
aorist/simple present |
-er + -se |
gelirsem |
gelirsen |
gelirse |
gelirsek |
gelirseniz |
gelirse
/gelirlerse
|
present continuous |
-iyor + -sa |
geliyorsam |
geliyorsan |
geliyorsa |
geliyorsak |
geliyorsanız |
geliyorsa /geliyorlarsa |
reported past |
-miş + -se |
gelmişsem |
gelmişsen |
gelmişse |
gelmişsek |
gelmişseniz |
gelmişse /gelmişlerse |
future |
-ecek + -se |
geleceksem |
geleceksen |
gelecekse |
geleceksek |
gelecekseniz |
gelecekse /geleceklerse |
conditional |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
necessitive |
-meli + -se |
gelmeliysem |
gelmeliysen |
gelmeliyse |
gelmeliysek |
gelmeliyseniz |
gelmeliyse /gelmeliyseler |
imperative |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
subjunctive |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Later I hope to add translations. Maybe I should remove conjugations and just put personal suffixes so the learners might find the conjugations themselves and the tables would be much smaller. But I´m not sure which way would be easier. At the beginning we had only simple tenses. Afterwards we have derived compound tenses using three different auxiliaries. The conditional auxiliary (-se) could ve applied to the compound tenses once again. This way theoretically it is possible to have double compound tenses but I will omit them as the modern tendency is towards this direction. I have also omitted some other tenses above wich aren´t included in modern Turkish. I have made some changes on the order of suffixes. Many sources show the third person plural suffix (-ler) in the wrong order. This order has changed with time and it is like above in modern Turkish. Some sources show a narrative simple past tense (geldiydim). There is no such tense in Turkish. It will be incorrect using them. Some sources suggest a narrative subjunctive (geleydim, geleydin, geleydi,...) but with time this tense is replaced with the narrative condition (gelseydim, gelseydin, gelseydi,...). So it is omited as well. These are some of the reasons why the other sources were not suitable. Please don´t quote this message if you want to post something.
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2. |
31 Jan 2006 Tue 11:30 am |
Most of you probably already know about this site, but if not, let me share it with you here. http://www.verbix.com/languages/turkish.shtml
If you have any comments please share them with me. I don't know the best approach to learning verb conjugation. One thing I found helpful about this site is that at the end of the conjugation of a particular verb, it lists other verbs that are conjugated in the same, or similar way.
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3. |
31 Jan 2006 Tue 12:46 pm |
Quoting ladywriter: Most of you probably already know about this site, but if not, let me share it with you here. http://www.verbix.com/languages/turkish.shtml
If you have any comments please share them with me. |
With the little knowledge I have about verbs, I'm not really the right person to review Verbix. Still, even I found some mistakes in their conjugations, especially when it comes to vowel harmony.. So don't let verbix do all the thinking for you!
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4. |
31 Jan 2006 Tue 02:11 pm |
WoW!!!
That is very helpful Erdinç - çok teşekklür ederim
Should I assume that the extra tenses/moods shown by WinMekMak in Extended Mode are largely unused or becoming rarer???
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5. |
31 Jan 2006 Tue 02:43 pm |
Hi Bod,
winmekmak has some modifiers. These are on the lower list shown in purple. The first three modifiers are the ones I have mentioned above. The last two modifiers -diyse and -mişse are the ones I have omitted.
example:
main tense: present continuous, modifier -diyse:
gelmek: geliyorduysam, geliyorduysan, ...
main tense: present continuous, modifier -mişse:
gelmek: geliyormuşsam, geliyormuşsan, ...
These double modifiers -diyse (-di + -se) and (-miş + -se) can be omitted.
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6. |
31 Jan 2006 Tue 02:48 pm |
I was thinking more about -sene , -mekte and -esi
-mekte especially I have seen used in written text and my grammar book says it is becoming more common in daily speech.
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7. |
31 Jan 2006 Tue 02:55 pm |
ladywriter,
thank you for suggesting a website. The link you gave is already in our list in number two:
http://www.turkishclass.com/forumTitle_6_1448
Of course I have checked them all because I had to. I have also checked many other sources in Turkish before I gave the last form to my tables you see above. Even the sources in Turkish have many mistakes let alone websites created by foreigners. There is no standart chart on this field. The version you see above is not available anywhere else.
I hope it will make it easier than verbix for the learners to learn the tenses. Verbix and my charts are different in a number of ways. First of all I havent yet included the question, negative and negative question conjugations.
Other than that verbix following some old dated Turkish sources lists the third person plural personal suffix -lar in the incorrect place.
It suggests geletiler, gelecekmişler, gelecekseler etc. but it should be the other way. I have listed them as geleceklerdi, geleceklermiş, geleceklerse,... with the ler in front of the tense suffix.
Other than that there are many incorrect and outdated entries on verbix. Of course this is not a mistake by the people who created verbix but the Turkish sources are outdated as well.
For instance verbix following Turkish sources suggest the following:
Subjunctive mood tenses
ben geleyim
sen gelesin
o gele
biz gelelim
siz gelesiniz
onlar geleler
I have omitted these except both first persons: ben geleyim, biz gelelim. We don't use the others. We don't say, "sen gelesin", "o gele", "siz gelesiniz", "onlar geleler". These are replaced with imperatives: "Sen gel", "o gelsin", "siz gelin", "onlar gelsin" (or "onlar gelsinler").
If verbix or any other place had the correct version of tenses there wouldnt be a need for me to create new charts. But I couldn't find a single correct chart anywhere.
If you check my imperatives and subjunctives on the first table you will see that they two make a whole tense together. They could be put together with a single name. As far as I know this is the first time the problem with imperatives and subjunctives is solved this way. There is an argument for years about the imperatives and subjunctives.
Erdinç
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8. |
31 Jan 2006 Tue 04:15 pm |
Erdinc,
Thank you for your explanations, they are so helpful.
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9. |
31 Jan 2006 Tue 04:41 pm |
Quoting bod: I was thinking more about -sene , -mekte and -esi
-mekte especially I have seen used in written text and my grammar book says it is becoming more common in daily speech. |
Hi bod,
yes, as you say, the -mekte suffix is a present continuous suffix like -iyor. Some time ago we had talked about it here:
http://www.turkishclass.com/forumTitle_6_402
Yes it is becoming common. I could add it maybe.
-sene as a version of imperative is common:
sen git : you go
sen gitsene : you go (I'm surprised/dissapointed/angry because of you refusing to go so far, or suggesting me to go)
-esi :
"Hep böyle koşasın."
The tendency is towards omiting this suffix as a mood of verb.
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10. |
02 Feb 2006 Thu 01:50 am |
Quoting erdinc: ladywriter,
thank you for suggesting a website. The link you gave is already in our list in number two:
http://www.turkishclass.com/forumTitle_6_1448
Of course I have checked them all because I had to. I have also checked many other sources in Turkish before I gave the last form to my tables you see above. Even the sources in Turkish have many mistakes let alone websites created by foreigners. There is no standart chart on this field. The version you see above is not available anywhere else.
I hope it will make it easier than verbix for the learners to learn the tenses.
Erdinç |
Thank you Erdinç, I hadn't seen that list of links. I had just checked the list of sites posted in "links" from the home page. I am new, and interested in understanding the process of learning Turkish. I am finding it a daunting task to learn all the verbs, and their conjugations. It's good to learn by taking smaller bites of information at a time....heheh. Memorizing the verbs(and vocabulary) is much easier if I can see them in a sentence. That's why I really appreciated your "Alyşe" story. Thanks again.
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11. |
02 Feb 2006 Thu 02:10 am |
Hi ladywriter,
I agree with you on going step by step. With the topic below my intention was to cover all tenses one by one. But it stopped after this one. So we only have number one. I'm not sure if there is interest to continue the series with other tenses.
There are many possibilities with the infinitive (the dictionary form of a verb in Turkish). I have given some examples and exercises there.
I. Mastar Hali - The Infinitive
http://www.turkishclass.com/forumTitle_27_1640
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12. |
02 Feb 2006 Thu 01:55 pm |
Quoting erdinc: With the topic below my intention was to cover all tenses one by one. But it stopped after this one. So we only have number one. I'm not sure if there is interest to continue the series with other tenses.
There are many possibilities with the infinitive (the dictionary form of a verb in Turkish). I have given some examples and exercises there.
I. Mastar Hali - The Infinitive
http://www.turkishclass.com/forumTitle_27_1640 |
There is certainly interest from over here!!!!!
And looking at the number of posts and participants in the Mastar Hali thread - I strongly suspect that there is interest from other people as well!
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13. |
07 Feb 2006 Tue 09:36 am |
These charts are extremelly useful and needed of course. I printed them all out. It will be my Bible.
I just would like to point out some minor spelling mistakes:
At the chart of the Narratives of Simple Tenses
2nd person singular should be GELMIşTIN (not gelmiştim)
At the chart of the reported Tenses
GELIYORMUşSUNUZ can not be 3rd person plural
But I am sure everybody got them right. Felaket gibi değil
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14. |
07 Feb 2006 Tue 09:58 am |
erdinc
dilbilgisi için çok teşekkür ederim.
bana çok yardım etti
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15. |
07 Feb 2006 Tue 12:39 pm |
ceviz,
thank you. Both mistakes are now corrected.
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16. |
12 Sep 2008 Fri 02:03 am |
Thanks Erdinç,thats really great
Adding the translation will make it as brief note for us ´learners´ of the meaning and differences between tenses
İm not with removing the conjugation tho,putting it is telling what the tense all about,but i would suggest that at the last colum,you write the two words after one another instead of beside each other
This way i mean,
gelmeliymiş /
gelmelilermiş
Not this
gelmeliyse /gelmeliyseler
İt will make it smaller and will fit in the page i guess.
Ps: can we have it sticky at the language forum ?
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17. |
12 Sep 2008 Fri 02:12 am |
There are too many sticky thread in language forum. I think we should remove a few but don´t want to remove other people´s threads. I think the best things would be if somebody would create a list of most useful threads.
I have added this topic to the sticky thread of mine called useful links.
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18. |
12 Sep 2008 Fri 02:13 am |
Good idea,i think we can use it too.
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19. |
02 Aug 2009 Sun 08:39 am |
thanks alote from the author it is very helpful lessons .
jawad ,Afghanistan
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20. |
26 Apr 2012 Thu 05:27 am |
Thank you very much !
Don´t forget about www.merhabaturkish.com too
: ) ) )
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