for example how would you say

i am learning and how is that different than the original word learn (that is if it is different)

                                                                         thank you!

I will try to help by giving an example:

To say "I am learning" is "(ben)ʚ̡reniyorum" (the word ben is optional)

öðren-iyor-um  is made from the root of the verb öðrenmek, which means "to learn", then the suffix for present continuous tense "iyor" is added, and finally the suffix for "I" (or first person) is added. This is "um" due to vowel harmony rules.

Türkçe öðreniyorum = I am learning Turkish.

To say "I want to learn Turkish" is Türkçe öðrenmek istiyorum

See this lesson which will help further

http://www.turkishclass.com/turkish_lesson_69