Mecbur & Þart are both loan words from Arabic.
Þart is related to the word shariah with which some English speakers are familiar. The Shariah Law in Islamic countries is related to the word Sart, which becomes Þeriyat in Turkish.
Þart can take various degrees of necessity depending on the context, or may have nothing whatsoever with necessity. Here are some examples:
In a business context, where two parties are negotiating...
Þartlar nedir? / What are the terms (of the agreement)?
Þartlariniz nedir? / What are your conditions/terms.
Anlasmanin þartlari nedir? / What are the terms & conditions in the contract?
Bu þartlar altinda teklifinizi kabul etmiyorum. / Under these circumstances/conditions, I am rejecting your offer.
Þartlar pek uygun degil. / The terms are not really favourable.
In none of the above given examples is it possible to use mecbur instead of þart.
Reprimanding a friend for being rude...
Boyle kirici konusman þart mi? Insanlarin duygularina biraz saygi goster. / Do you really have to speak this harsh? Try to show some consideration for others´ feelings.
The inconsiderate asshole responds...
Þart arkadas. Ben icimden geleni soylerim. / Yes. I speak my mind regardless.
Boyle kirici konusmaya mecburmusun? Insanlarin duygularina biraz saygi goster. / Do you really have to speak this harsh? Try to show some consideration for others´ feelings.
Mecburum arkadas. Ben icimden geleni soylerim. / Yes. I speak my mind regardless.
Some other examples:
From mecbur, the word mecburiyet is derived, which is actually mecbur-i-et. Mecbur-i is a Farsi form with the -i denoting "of" as in the sense of "being of necessity/obligation." The addition of et(mek) is just one of the way Turkish naturalizes foreign loan words. hence, mecburiyet means something along the lines of being obligated or being necessary. There is no word as þartiyet.
Mecburiyetten yaptim. / I did it out of necessity. I had to. I had no choice.
You cannot say þarttan yaptim, for example.
Mecburieytten hala evliler. Cocuklar var diye. Yoksa kiz onu sevmiyor. / They are still married (haven´t been divorced) out of necessity. Because of the kids. Otherwise, she doesn´t really love him.
You cannot say þarttan evliler, for example.
Iskence sirasinda gercegi soylemeye mecbur oldum. / I was forced to tell the truth under torture.
Iskence sirasinda beni gercegi soylemeye mecbur ettiler. / They forced me to tell the truth under torture.
You cannot say þart oldum or þart ettiler.
Boyfriend tries to lure his girl to stay over...
Eve gitmen þart mi? Kalsana. / Do you really have to go home? Why don´t you stay?
Eve gitmeye mecbur musun? Kalsana. / Same meaning.
She would not say þart, but would use either mecburum or eve gitmem lazim/gerek.
Bu aksam eve donmem þart. Babam valla kemiklerimi kirar. / I really have to be home tonight. My father would literally break my bones (if I don´t).
She wouldn´t say bu aksam eve donmem mecbur.
Bu aksam eve donmeye mecburum. Babam kemiklerimi kirar valla. / Same meaning.
ESL class...
Bu cumle icin gecmis zamani kullanmaya mecbur muyum? / Do I have to use the past tense in this sentece?
Bu cumle icin gecmis zamani kullanmak (kullanmam) þart mi? / Same meaning.
Vulgar slang...
Þart olsun bir yakaliyayim kemiklerini kiricam o itin. / I swear I am gonna break his bones when I get a hold of him.
You wouldn´t use mecbur olsun in this context.
I hope this helps a bit.
Edited (2/14/2009) by cynicmystic
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