We are preparing a small bilingual Powerpoint show about tulips for our exhibition in Turku. I might have some questions.

The headline should be something like

                          Laleler  -  Sultanların Çiçeği

I am uncertain about the use of singular and plural here. Lale or Laleler? Is it disturbing that çiçek is singular?

What is the rule about initial letters in headlines? Is capital letter used in the beginning only or in every word of the headline?

You certainly understand it has to be perfect.

Singular of "Lale" should be used as it already refers the plural [the whole lale family] but in singular form.

and  because the agreement on numbers.  Singular ---> Singular 

                                                           Lale     ----> çiçek

So, I would say as ;

Lale  -  Sultanların çiçeği 

=====================

Yes, it should start with capital Letter. Not every word of the headline. An example from Zaman Newspaper ;

Geçmiş zamanların sureti: Lale

http://www.zaman.com.tr/pazar_gecmis-zamanlarin-sureti-lale_802128.html

Unless it is a proper name referring a proper name , then both initial letters should start with capital letter ;

Lale Devri --> Tulip Age [ this refers a special period of time during the Ottoman Times]

Sample headline ;

Lale Devri´nde aşk

http://www.zaman.com.tr/tv-rehberi_lale-devrinde-ask_1027223.html

The rule [tradition] is that, It has become a tradition that  newspapers and magazines are most of the time using capital letters in only initial letter of their headlines.

examples ;

Kamyon  eve girdi.

 Mini seçim yarın. 

Gazeteler ve dergiler oluşan geleneğe uyarak haber ve yazı başlıklarında çoklukla yalnız ilk kelimenin başında büyük harf kullanmaktadırlar: Kamyon eve girdi. Mini seçim yarın. 

The rule [tradition] is that, It has become a tradition that  newspapers and magazines are most of the time using capital letters in only initial letter of their headlines.

examples ;

Kamyon  eve girdi.

 Mini seçim yarın. 

Gazeteler ve dergiler oluşan geleneğe uyarak haber ve yazı başlıklarında çoklukla yalnız ilk kelimenin başında büyük harf kullanmaktadırlar: Kamyon eve girdi. Mini seçim yarın. 

The rule [tradition] is that, Traditionally, the  newspapers and magazines are most of the time using capital letters in only initial letter of their headlines and titles.

examples ;

Kamyon  eve girdi.

 Mini seçim yarın. 

Gazeteler ve dergiler oluşan geleneğe uyarak haber ve yazı başlıklarında çoklukla yalnız ilk kelimenin başında büyük harf kullanmaktadırlar: Kamyon eve girdi. Mini seçim yarın. 

Yardımın için teşekkür ederim tunci.

The one grammar rule which until now I have no idea whatsoever of is the border between singular and plural of abstract and hyperonyme NP´s. Fortunately the wrong choice is not a fatal mistake most of the time.

its not a grammatical rule here but a matter of expression. if you want to say "laleler" than you should say "sultanların çiçekleri" because one flower cannot define the whole of the flowers, can only define the one-of-many

OK, I give up. I have been learning Turkish for quite some time and it has been full of big struggles and small victories. I haven´t posted much, but I´ve visited this site almost everyday since I registered about 4 years ago. I struggled with making sense of grammar, then things eventually made sense. However, I feel like total and absolute failure when constantly confronted by things like "hyperonyme NP´s". I admit defeat. The simple becomes impossible. Perhaps I should spend my time attending a course in linguistics before I bother continuing with Turkish again.

Could admin please remove me from this site, thank you.

Oh please sahk dont give up. After all studying you came a long way. I wish I could help you more. But the time difference and my studies hinder me. I think you should go on.

i will fail too probably, i see many giving up on turkish these days after studying for a long time, im thinking now am i wasting my time??? what the hell is "hyperonyme NP´s" ?? :S

I want to save you all. But is it possible?

Friends, I can assure you that Turkish is not that difficult , believe me people on the street talking with making alot of grammar mistakes..

Ordinary Turks dont know or care about grammar that much..

so dont worry about grammar too much.. and dont give up on learning turkish.

Abla is a great example of success. I think instead of giving up, you should take her as an example.

isnt abla finnish? ive heard that turkish isnt that extremly difficult to learn if u know finnish language, but if u speak swedish/english like us then its a lot different and more difficult

What are you doing nessah? All customers running away

cuz u cant compare our languages. and saying shes a good example

I guess Turkish is always difficult to learn. But Finnish and Turkish languages have similar grammar structures. So maybe it can be a little easier for a Finnish to understand the Turkish grammar structure.

yes exactly thats what i mean. so u cant blame her for giving up after 4 years even though i dont support giving up but sometimes u just get tired of never fully understand it

Don´t forget guys, Abla is a linguist, so it is easier for her to understand complicated grammar structures. 

Why didnt I give up learning English? English grammar structure was so foreign for me. And it is not easy for a Turk to learn English.

In what subjects  you are having trouble Sashk ?  We can explain here and we wouldnt pass it until everybody  learn it .  

Also extraordinary ones do not care much about grammar 

Am I extraordinary?

ur joking right? english is everywhere, u learn it in school, english is all over internet, in music, movies, its the world language. turkish? we dont have turkish anywhere here.

Sashk is a great student. I dont want her to give up. I wish I could help you sahk.

A hyperonyme is a notion that gathers together items that resemble each other. For instance, FLOWER is a hyperonyme of TULIP, ROSE, VIOLET, LILY etc. It is not especially a linguistic term I guess.

NP is a noun phrase. It means any phrase whose head is a noun.

I don´t intentionally try to use difficult terms, why would I? It is more like trying to be exact and not to say anything wrong.

Swedish is easier than Turkish.

It is true that turkish language - at least for those who comes from my country- it is difficult to be taught. Especially the syntax and the grammary rules are completely different. But i find turkish language interesting and worths the try.

swedish is much easier yes, if a person can learn english he can learn swedish very easily.

Go to Turkish restaurants or Turkish fast food shops. You can find plenty of Turkish It doesnt mean because English is everywhere, every Turk speaks it. Actually only a little minority speaks it properly.

Insallah one day many parts of the world will know Turkish.  Turkish a language of future , friends. I always say this and we will all see this happening . 

So, you are not wasting time here, in fact you are investing something useful for your future. Knowing Turkish is a privilage. 

Yeah you should try it

hahaha

I meant that english is of course easier to learn if u hear and see it everywhere.

If Turkish movies,series,news were shown on my TV every day all of my life and turkish music playing on the radio then of course it would be 100 times easier to learn it.

I was understanding and talking very good english before I even started learning it in school because I watched a lot of american programs on tv and the music and so on...

Future is ours

I will start to broadcast a Turkish show on internet. Its name will be "Gokuyum´s world" and I will use my room as a studio and my world

But , at present time, turkish movies, dizis [soap operas] sweeping balkans, middle east countries, in many countries. Not only that,but Turkey is becoming an attractive place day by day. You cant imagine how many people around the world desperately trying to learn Turkish. Believe me. 

Turkish is booming...

Yes I think I know what we would be seeing then..............................................................................................

Please, keep trying it. We are here for learners. Well, I promised myself not to write about grammar anymore, but maybe someone can make me change my mind!  

If I was a non-Turk, and want to learn a language . My list would be as follows ;

1. Chinese 

2. Turkish 

3. Arabic

Aha you have a crush I guess

then u must be really really good at learning languages and A LOT of patience cuz those languages are the most difficult ones in this world to learn.

Vona , this site need your great knowledge of grammar. Nobody else can explain grammar issues better than you. As you proved it before. 

I study Arabic ten minutes a month. I hope to learn it in 50 years time. Maybe I am too optimist

Hmmm where is the Greek hocam? 

Nessah,  Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet.

if u learn swedish i will give u a big kiss,,,,,,,on the cheek

Greek is in our hearts

I agree,dont get me wrong.. i´m just laughing because i knew you´re gonna say that.. 

Spanish would be on top of my list

2- Russian

3- Dutch (for some private reasons!)

This is a great motivation. But only for the beginning level

4- Greek ---- to make efi stop crying

Private reasons for learning Dutch...I wonder what could that be ....

I am confused! Who is kissing who?

Friends, we dont need a chat room anymore. Since we can talk through the forum. 

Greek (private reasons)

Take a guess! 

You have to pay for it

To be able to communicate with people in Amsterdam if Fenerbahce ever reach the final in Amsterdam ?

Spanish(I´m going to Spain this year in summer)..

I hope you can find a nice girl there nemanja

HOLA!!!  i want to learn Spanish as well 

Right guess  

Sagol,that´s only gives me some mood to start learning...

Only a woman can really motivate a man to learn a new language I guess

no it is not..if I compare Turkish with English, Turkish is easier to learn (it is just my point of view); all grammar rules are very simple; all these English Times of Verbs (please English natives forgive me) give me a big big big headache; even I have studied English since my 8th years old, even during my worklife I  read every day scientifical papers in english, I said and I am saying - Turkish is easier. I think is easy to express yourself in Turkish instead in English (there are so many forms of verbs in English)..and yes, I can say, Turkish is easier than my native - romanian; as Tunci said days ago, you need few words to express yourself in Turkish comparative to English, French..and Romanian

we have Turkish everywhere..we have just look around us; if you choose listening turkish songs (old or new) instead  english ones, and if you try, for the beginning, to give a sense to their lyrics - is is a point of start; you can read news in Turkish - you can find on internet Turkish newespapers; it is about our choices....

i meant that we are grown up with english around us not turkish...its a difference if u choose to start listening to turkish and reading it when ur adult.

Quote:gokuyum

I will start to broadcast a Turkish show on internet. Its name will be "Gokuyum´s world" and I will use my room as a studio and my world

This reminds me of a column which was published here when Kim Jong Un of North Korea was declared the supreme leader of the country after his father. The writer said a spoiled boy like Kim does not need a nuclear weapon but just a room of his own and a broadband there.

OH! What if gokuyum had nuclear weapons in place of that spoiled boy??? I can´t even try to imagine!!! I am now completely sure that God loves us! 

when I was child around me were only romanian, russian or chinese around; all TV programs - even they were very short, were in these language; myself I had to learn russian in school and I have to admit, even I am not so proud, I forgott almost all russian; but against of all, childs learnt french, english, spanish, italian..and so on..please, dont take it personaly; when you are child your parents take the decision for you, what kind of language to learn, even you are learnnig or not that language in school..but I have noticed people start learning language because different reasons..and after 18 years or less we take ourselves decisions..isnt it..even our parent agree or not ...