hi

*  "öğrenmeye başlayalı 3 ay oldu"

1-why do we say örenmeye? it means to learn? so we delete the k and add e or ye? depending on the last letter if it´s a vowel r a consonant?

2-why do we say başlayalı and not başladı as başladı is the past tense...

* what does uyuduğunu mean? uyumak means to sleep uyudu means slept but uyuduğunu??? and why did we add these suffixes?

* öyle means like that? and şöyle?

* "kitap ihtiyacım" I know that ihtiyacım means I need but what is it? I mean I can´t find wether this word is a verb or...?

thank you very much!!

Better to look at it: ören + me + ye

örenme would be like ´learning´ i.e. a gerund. In English, you use the same word in these totally different forms:

- I started ´learning´ (gerund -me ending)

- I am ´learning´ (present continous tense)

In Turkish these are formed differently

This link talks about -me http://www.turkishclass.com/turkish_lesson_319

The (y)e is dative. Like when you go to somewhere. I´m not sure why it´s used with başlamak, you just need to remember it.

The (y)alı/eli suffix means ´since´. There are a number of ways of saying ´since´ and this way is used less than the others. 

Öğrenmeye başlayalı 3 ay oldu.

It has been 3 months since the learning started.

Ders başlayalı yarım saat oldu.

It has been half an hour since the lesson started.

See below for Tunci´s excellent explanation of how the suffix can be used.

If you ask for a meaning, it always helps when you show the full sentence where the word was used.

This word is part of a relative clause, that will describe a noun that is the object of a sentence. 

You know uyumak means to sleep. The next part ´diği/duğu´ tells us that it is either present or past tense

uyuduğu insanlar = the people who were sleeping, the people who slept

as opposed to the future tense (y)eceği / (y)acağı

uyuyacağı insanlar = the people who will sleep.

We looked after the people who slept.

Uyuduğu insanlara baktık.

You can read more by clicking here, where it is described as object participles

I would need to see the whole sentence, and then I might be able to explain more.

I´m not sure if you´re aware of

bu, şu and o (this, that, that further away)

burada, şurada and orada (here, there and there further away)

bunlar, şunlar, onlar (these, those, them/they)

and hopefully you can see a pattern emerging

böyle, şöyle and öyle 

They are forms of adverbials/determiners and function as manner adverbials (in this/that way, like this/that) They differ in the same way as bu/şu/o

Öyle has to be used when reference is being made to a manner of doing something, or to a kind of category, that belongs to a context away from the speech situation.

Uzmanlar öyle söylüyorlar.

That´s what the experts say. (The experts say it in that way)

Acaba sizde şöyle bir şey var mı?

I wonder whether you have anything like this? (Whilst showing the item to the person you are asking)

Ananası böyle kesmemen gerekiyordu.

You shouldn´t have cut the pineapple like this.

You also have the expression şöyle böyle meaning so so, fair

Nasılsınız? How are you?

Şöyle böyle. So so (not great, fair, nothing special)

ihtiyaç is a noun, and like other nouns it can take a suffix to indicate possession

kedim = my cat

ihtiyacım = my need

It can also be combined to make a verb

ihtiyaç olmak = to need, to be in need of, to be necessary

ihtiyaç duymak = to feel a/the need (for)

thank you all very much but can anyone explaine why it´s öğrenmeye i mean now i understand what öğrenme mean but why we add ´ye´ at the end?

thanks

Certain verbs require -ya/ye. Explaining it would be like asking: 

explain why do you say ´I started to run´ but you can´t say ´I finished to run´?

A few more examples:

Start writing. Yazmaya başlayın.

Let´s go swimming. Hadi yüzmeye gidelim.