Detention = gözaltı
Arrest = tutuklama , tevkif
Penalty = Ceza
Punishment = Ceza
We use the same word “Ceza” for both punishment and penalty in law terminology, although they have bit difference in English. ---> The difference is "Punishments and penalties can seem very alike. Both stem from wrongdoings or faults; however, punishments are typically consequences of misbehavior, while penalties stem from breach of a rule or law.
In Turkish Penal Code ceza is used for both words.
SUÇTA VE CEZADA KANUNİLİK İLKESİ
Madde 2 - (1) Kanunun açıkça suç saymadığı bir fiil için kimseye ceza verilemez ve güvenlik tedbiri uygulanamaz. Kanunda yazılı cezalardan ve güvenlik tedbirlerinden başka bir ceza ve güvenlik tedbirine hükmo- lunamaz.
No Punishment without a Law
Article 2. - (1) An act may only be punished or be subject to a safety measure if its punishability was explicitly determined by law. No punishment or a safety measure can be applied other than those which are provided for by the law.
(2) İt is not permitted to decree crimes or punishments by administrative regulatory acts.
SORUŞTURMA KOŞULU OLAN CEZANIN HESAPLANMASI
Madde 15 - (1) Miktarının soruşturma koşulu oluşturduğu hâllerde ceza, soruşturma evresinde ileri sürülen kanunî ağırlaştırıcı nedenlerin aşağı sınırı ve kanunî hafifletici nedenlerin yukarı sınırı göz önünde bulun- durularak hesaplanır.
Calculation of the Penalty Requisite for Prosecution
Article 15 . [1] The term of the penalty which is particularly deemed a requisite for prosecution shall be calculated by taking into consideration both the lower limits of the legal aggravating circumstances and the upper limits of the legal mitigating circumstances which were alleged during the prosecution
