Ben uç köpekim besledim.
şimdi mutlular!

I have just looked at this thread and think I got the title wrong

I think it should be köpek yemeği and not köpek yemek - is that now right???

Saat ikiye çeyrek var (13:45)

"köpeğin yemeği" will be correct.

Saati söylemeyi çok iyi öğrendin bod. Tebrikler.

söylemek : 1. saying 2. telling
here it is more "telling"

I will answer the rest another time

-i case when its past ...

Saat kaç?
On ikiyi beş geçiyor.

-e case when it is ... to
Saat kaç?
On ikiye beş var.

If the person asking you are talking to is aware that you are talking of time than saat might be omited. As you see in the questions saat is included so there is no need to repeat again.

Teşekkür ederim için beni düzeltmesin.

Kedileri ve köpekleri çok seviyorum ama köpekler kedilerden daha küçük seviyorum.

Kediler ve köpekler birbirleri ile kavga etmezler, dalaşırlar...

Yeah, if you meant dog food than köpek yemeği would suit better but the problem is that there is no common agreement on such a usage and köpek yemeği sounds too unusaual for me. I will give you alternatives:

dog food:
1. köpek maması
2. köpek yemi
3. köpek yemeği


While number three is very uncommon, number two is more common but the strongest tendency is to use köpek maması. I just checked this and it seems köpek maması is currently the what people use.
http://www.garantialisveris.com/petschoice/str_prod.asp?storeID=3172&productID=85519
http://www.pet.gen.tr/2002/alisveris.phtml?mid=200&cid=17
http://www.zureyfa.com/Shop/dept.asp?DeptID=20102&page2go=4

için by mistake is written twice. I corrected the text above.
bunu (this one) is the accusative case of bu. İt is smillar to sen-seni, o-onu, şu-şunu

"bu konuyu" > bunu

bunu as a pronoun represents "bu konuyu" in the sentence.
YOu could say:
"Çok teşekkürler Erdinç bunu araştırdığın için."
or
"Çok teşekkürler Erdinç bu konuyu araştırdığın için."

Examples:
1. Kalemi ver. > pass me the pencil.
Onu ver.

2. Bu çok güzel. Bunu çok sevdim.
Here bunu can represent any object the speaker is referring to. It could be :
bu arabayı, bu rengi, bu şarkıyı, ...

3.
-Hangi oyuncağı beğendin?
-Bunu beğendim. (Bu oyuncağı beğendim).

Sorry Erdinç, I have read over your explanation many times and totally do not understand it

I am really really struggling with the idea of applying noun states to pronouns!!! I just cannot get my head around when you use one state and when you use another and I can find any rules that describe this.......I am beginning to lose sleep over pronoun states

You must have read the basics here already, but I post the link anyway: http://www.turkishclass.com/grammar_nounStates.htm

With that in mind, you can apply some logic in a lot of cases. When in doubt, just check the dictionary. I am sure there is not one person studying Turkish who knows all the states that are used with certain verbs by heart.

I saw a post by you with part of a survey of pronouns in different cases. Study those, and that's it. Just try to imagine that you use the equivalent of a noun. When you use dative with a certain noun, then you have to use the dative form of a pronoun as well.

For ex.:
I look at the cat - Kediye bakıyorum
I look at it - Ona bakıyorum

I like wine - Şaraptan hoşlanıyorum
I like it - Ondan hoşlanıyorum

I eat the pear - Armutu yiyorum
I eat it - Onu yiyorum

So, because the verb araştırmak can only be applied to nouns in the accusative state, we would conjugate it as follows:

Beni araştırıyorum
Seni araştırıyorsun
Onu araştırıyor

Is that right???