Köprüden dolayı şehriyle tamır etmedi, onu yıkıldı. -Because the bridge wasn´t repaired by the city, it collapsed.

Köprü, şehir tarafından onarılmadığından [dolayı] yıkıldı.[çöktü]

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"-dan dolayı " form is referring more like ending with "negative" results

example ;

Çok kitap okuduğundan [dolayı] gözleri bozuldu --> Because he read alot of books, his eyes gone wrong. [his eyes weakened  ]

I have seen your corrections, and appreciate them always , I have just been busy at the end of the last weeks between my job and classwork. But I am almost finished with these classes, and next term I hope to have more spare time to come here.

Hmm I had thought if we were using visited, in past tense, you´d just add -madan to kapat and that past tense is implied through ziyaret ettik Well, at least i had not thought the passive for kapat. Though I closed is also past tense. hmm so I suppose its like saying "We visited the museum, before (it was closed(by them)) ?

Exactly.

Gittiklerinde oldukça üzgündük

It starts with the subordinate clause correct? And I think I see the difference but I want to make sure. 

Yüzündeki kar eridiğinde , solgun bir yüz ortaya çıktı.

eridiğinde (when it melted) is the subordinate clause, correct? But does not start the sentence because there is the expression of place (yüzündeki) which comes before in the standard order? and everything after -eridiğinde is the main clause?

Yüzündeki kar eridiğinde is the embedded subordinate clause. It has a subject part (yüzündeki kar ´the snow on his face´ ) and a predicate part (eridiğinde ´when it melts´ ) like it would have if it was an independent clause. An embedded clause is a constituent of the main clause, in this case it answers the question ´when´:

              solgun bir yüz ortaya çıktı ´a pale face came in sight´, WHEN?

              - kışın

              - sabah saat yedide

              - yüzündeki kar eridiğinde.....

It´s like any adverbial of time, it´s just happens to be a whole sentence.

In order to understand the syntax don´t look at single words only but try to find the phrases.

Okay, now I see, thanks Abla. 

"Üç yıldır tıp okuyan Ayşe"  Is this the same construction as Lewis´ ´başıbozuk´ construction? Where it becomes an adjectival phrase, with the verb in present participle. (okuyan)

and i presume its the same in your next example where "olan" is the present participle verb when öğrenilmesi became a noun?

Was reading a bit of the book last night and read about adjectival phrases and remembered your example. Do you have any insight into this construction? How does it differ from the use of -dik in sentences like the previous:

Onu gördüğümde mavi elbise giyen hoş bir bayanla beraberdi -when I saw him, he was with a lovely woman wearing a blue dress.

I never heard of ´başıbozuk´ term in Turkish grammar.

In the fırst example the subordinate clause ´...olan ´ modified the noun ´Ayşe´.

In the second example the subordinate clause "...giyen" modified the noun ´hoş bir bayan´

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likewise;

In the sentence "öğrenilmesi kolay olan " modified the noun  "Türkçe´    

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Onu gördüğümde and others that ends with time gerund "-dIkInda " are adverbial clauses. Since they refer the specific time of the action that has taken [going to take] place.

Lewis uses the term başıbozuk for structures like

            başı bozuk adam (< adamın başı bozuk)

            kızı hukuk okuyan adam (< adamın kızı hukuk okuyor)

There is always a possessive construction in the embedded sentence. They are equivalents to certain kinds of English relative clauses (starting with whose).

Sometimes the present participle of olmak is needed in the construction:

             evi büyük olan bir arkadaşım (< arkadaşımın evi büyük)

I can´t answer Mavili´s question though. I just happened to read the book.

So it is relative construction then. evi büyük olan bir arkadaşım [ A friend of mine whose house is big]

and relativizer is " -An" [whose]

-dIk is also used as "determining participle" [ Belirtme Ortacı]

Okuduğum kitap --> The book that I read  --> It determines the specific book. The book that I read.

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If we use -An,

Kitap okuyan adam --> The man who is reading a book

Kitap okuyan adama çay ver --> Give tea to the man who is reading a book.

Adamın okuduğu kitabı buraya getir --> Bring the book that the man is reading.[has read]