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Merhaba. I'm not a professional but I'm a native speaker and I may help with some of your questions:
1. how is "hatta" used?
Hatta is the word hat (line) with the -de suffix. The other "hatta", although written as the same, pronounced a bit differently, the second a longer, means "even, also, furthermore, in addition to that" etc.
2. "geldiysem"= "if i came"... why is "gelseydim" not used??
I think what you know about "gelseydim" is correct and adequate. If you say "gelseydim" it means it never happened.
However "geldiysem" is rather tricky.. I'ts use with first person is rare and limited (at least formally). It means that, what you say might have happened but you don't know about it. For example "geldiysen bilirsin" would mean "if you came you know it". But don't rely too much on my explanation. This is a tricky subject!
3. why and where is "yeterince" used? why not yeter or yeterli...?
You use yeterince with verbs and adjectives: "Yeterince gördüm!"="I saw enough", "yeterince iyi"="enough good"
yeterli is used with nouns, it's an adjective: "yeterli para"="enough money"
4. is "temasta kal" the equivalent of "stay/ keep in touch"...??
I think these two are equivalent. But you won't hear people saying that in Turkey...
5. milli piyango= national lottery.. is this correct? wouldnt it be, "milli piyangosu"...??
"milli piyangosu" would be correct if "milli" was a noun. But it is not. "milli" is an adjective just like "national". The noun form is "millet". But noone would say "millet piyangosu".
Additional examples for these two rules may be "sarı araba"="yellow car" and "kedi maması"=cat food"
6. "beni tren istasyonunda karsila"= meet me @ the train station...??
Yes this is correct.
7. kafayi cekmek= to get drunk (slang)
so to say, "im gonna get drunk" would it be, "kafayi cekicem" or "kafami cekicem"...??
"kafayı çekicem" is correct. Though it's rather "kafayı çekeceğim" 
But it's always pronounced ".. çekicem"
8. yetismek= to grow up
Both, however I wouldn't say emotionally. Maybe physically and psychologically (or culturally).
Additionally "yetişmek" also means "to catch up with something"
9. but surely it should be gitsek TE kalksak TA...?? degil mi?? :S
Değil! Because this is not the suffix -de, this is the word "de" (meaning too, also etc.). Suffixes suit the consonants in the preceding word, but following words do not...
10. what the hell is salep?? is it nice??
It's a kind of sweet and thick beverage consumed very hot. It contains milk, starch and a few spices. It may sound surprising but the main ingredient is the bulb of a crocus species!!! But I like it... However it depends...
11. my book says that mantar means both "cork" and "mushroom".. dogru mu?
Kesinlikle doğru! Note that they both are lighter in weight than one would expect...
12. oki, i know that "onlarin cogu"= "most of them" so what about when i want to say, "most days" or "most ceydas" ??
"gunlerin cogu" is not incorrect but I would say "çoğu günler" or "çoğu zaman". However you can't say "çoğu onlar". I have to admit that this is confusing. You may need better help than I can provide for this one...
13. im guessing that "onceki gece" means "the night before" ha?
Great!
14. i'll stay there for 7 days= ??
is "icin" used here or the "-lik" suffix??
Unfortunately nothing is used!!! "Orada 7 gün kalacağım".
15. yemek seviyorum= i like/ love food (im not being specific) ?
No, no... you don't need to mean to be specific. You should always use the suffix "-i". But not "yemeği"... you say "yemeyi seviyorum" (yeme-y-i). Another example would be: "kedileri seviyorum"="I love cats"
16. "bakkal cakkal"= the grocers and the like
Yes, why not. It's a funny thing to say... Though not in a formal conversation.. It means grocers, greengrocers (manav), butchers (kasap) etc. You may say "bakkal çakkal dolaştım"=simply "I did the shopping" (a better way to say that is "alışveriş yaptım")
17. "baltaburun"= hooked nosed so would we say, "o baltaburunlu"...?
Never heard of that one. However "o baltaburunlu" is gramatically correct. But for someone with a big and curved nose you say "adam kanca (hook) burunlu" or "kadın çengel (again hook) burunlu" or "o kartal (not hook, eagle burunlu"
18. what does "aygin baygin" mean??
Don't bother learning it. This is not a common idiom. But I think people use it to say "almost sleeping or fainting" generally due to fatigue...
19. this example was in my book, look.. "avustralyayilar ingilizce konusuyolar"
It's correct. For 3rd person plural you can use both: "onlar konusuyor"/"onlar konusuyorlar"
20. pazar gecesi= sunday night
pazartesi oglen= monday afternoon
It sounds inconsistent but: "pazar gecesi"="sunday night", "pazar öğlen"="sunday at noon", "pazar öğleden sonra"="sunday afternoon", "pazar akşamı"="sunday evening" etc.
21. "tanimak" ? what else can it be used for??
Tanımak means recognize, get to know, legitimize etc. so it is used with many things including people...
22. "sporu seviyor musun?"
Sevmek is used always with -i, whether or not it's meant to be specific. "Yaşamayı seviyorum"...
23. yalniz means lonely doesnt it?? ....
Yanlız is a very common mistake just like "yalnış" (should be yanlış . Turkish version of MS WORD automatically corrects these mistakes...
24. is there a large difference in "en son" and "son olarak"..??
en son=the last
son olarak=finally
25. does "gelcek ay" translate to "the forthcoming month"?? wouldnt it be better to say "onumuzdeki ay" ??
Both correct (but gelecek not gelcek)
26. sirt= back
sirtim= my back
T does not necessarily change with -m: sütüm, atım, kartım... BUT kağıdım, yiğidim...
On the other hand p, ç and k change more frequently: sahibim (but hapım), kılıcım (but koçum), balığım (but çekim)
I think the reason may be that if the word has just one syllable, the ending consonant doesn't change.... But I'm not sure.
27. whats the difference between "su an" and "su anda" ??
No big difference. I think you can use them interchangeably. I always use "şu anda" but cannot say the other is wrong..
28. sen= you (singular) siz= you (plural) seni seviyorum sizi seviyorum
"Siz" is not only used for a group of people but also for just one person to whom you want to express respect. For example you're not expected to call your teacher "sen" but "siz". Although you don't necessarily have to say "sizleri" to a group of people, sometimes to express respect and/affection you can say "sizleri çok seviyorum". But as I said it's not required, you can always say "sizi ..."
29. "bugunku sikayetlerinizi ogrendim" is totally different from "bugun sikayetlerinizi ogrendim". the former means "I heard about your complaints about today" specifying that the complaints are for today, whereas the later means "I heard about your complaints today" specifying that you heard them today...
30. sit here= buraya otursana
is it "buraya" or "burada" or even "burayi"...??? :S
You can never say "burayı", but the difference between the other two is hard to explain. Other people may give better explanations, but what I think is that: I would say "buraya otursana" to tell someone to sit on a specific chair etc. However "burada otursana" rather means something like "wait/stay here"
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