C- CONDITIONS : KOÞUL –ÞART- CÜMLECÝKLERÝ

IF : Eðer

- Our cat never eats, if leave him alone in the house : Eðer kedimizi evde yalnýz býrakýrsak, o asla yemeðini yemez.

- If I can finish my work before noon, I will go shopping in the afternoon: Eðer öðleden önce iþimi bitirebilirsem, öðleden sonra alýþveriþe gideceðim.

-If someone asks for me, make a note of his telephone number: Eðer biri beni sorarsa, telefon numarasýna not býrak.

-If I were ill, I would go to doctor :Eðer hasta olsaydým, doktora giderdim.

- I would live in Ýstanbul, if I were a rich man :Eðer zengin bir adam olsaydým,  Ýstanbul’da yaþardým.

- If I had not been ill, I would not have gone to the doctor : Eðer hasta olmasaydým, doktora gitmiþ olmazdým- gitmezdim- gitmeyecektim.

- If it had not been for Brown, Arsenal could not have won the football match yesterday. Eðer  Brown olmamýþ olsaydý, arsenal maçý kazanamazdý.. 

If I were  you, I would have told him the truth much earlier : Eðer senin yerinde olsaydým, Ona gerçeði daha erken söylerdim-söylemiþ olurdum.

- They will support you financially, only if you study hard  Sen çok çalýþýrsan, onlar seni mali yönden destekleyeceler.

- If I knew your address, I would write to you:Eðer adresini bilseydim, sana yazardým.

- If I have enough money next summer, I’ll go to Europe : Gelecek sene eðer yeterli param olursa, Avrupa’ya gedeceðim.

- If I had enough money now, I would go to Europe : Eðer yeterli param olsaydý, Avrupa’ya  giderdim.

- If I had had enough money last year, I would have gone to Europe:Eðer geçen yýl yeterli  param olsaydý, Avrupa’ya gitmiþ olacaktým -olurdum.

- If Iit were not cold today, I would go swimming : Eðer hava bugün soðuk olmasaydý, yüzmeðe giderdim.

- If I had known it was your birthday yesterday, I would have bought you a present : Eðer dün senin doðum günün olduðunu bilmiþ olsaydým, sana bir hediye alýrdým.

- If I had studied for the last test, I could have passed it : Eðer son testi çalýþmýþ olsaydým, onu geçebilirdim.

- If he had not fallen off his bicycle, he might have won the race : Eðer bisikletinden düþmemiþ olsaydý, yarýþý kazanabilirdi.  

- I wish I knew the answer : Keþke cevabý bilsem-bilseydim.

-I wish I could stay a bit longer : Keþke biraz da fazla kalsam-kalabilseydim

- I wish you would be more careful : Keþke daha dikkatli olsan-olsaydýn.

-  Unless you change your mind, I will not be able to help you : Sen fikrini deðiþtirmediði takdirde-deðiþtirmedikçe-, ben sana yardým edemeyeceðim.

- If it does not rain tomorrow, we will go on a picnic :  Yarýn hava yaðmurlu olmazsa, pikniðe gideceðiz.

- I would go to movie the movies/cinema except if it were wasn´t on a wednesday : O gün Çarþamba deðilse, sinemaya giderdim.

 

D: MODALS = KÝPLER

 

- Can =  He can speaks very well : O çok iyi konuþabiliyor.(Ability).

Can you explain this : Bunu açýklayabilir misiniz?

You cannot enter without a tie:Kravatsiz giremezsiniz.

He cannot sell the house: Evi satamýyor.

- May : She may speak = O konuþabilir.(Permission, weak possibility).

May I talk to you:seninle konuþabilir miyim?

-Should : He should speak : O konuþmalýdýr, Onun konuþmasý gerekir.(Expectation).

You should eat less:Az yemek yemelisiniz.

You should be polite to other peopleiðer insanlara saygýlý olmalýsýnýz.:

- Shall: Shall we speak :Konuþalým mý? (Suggestion).

- Could : He could speak three languages : O 3 dil konuþabiliyordu.(Ability).

She could swim : Yüzebilirdi..

Could you explain this :Bunu açýklayabilir miydiniz?

Could I borrow your pen : Kalemini ödünç alabilir miyim?

He could not have come to the party:O, pPartiye gelemezdi..

- Might : She might speak : O konuþabilir? (possibility).

- Would : Would you please mail this letter for me : Lütfen bu mektubu benim için postaya atar mýsýnýz?

- Would you like to dance with me:Benimle dans eder misiniz? (Polite request).

-  Ought to : You  ought to study for the exam tomorrow = Yarýn  dersinizine çalýþmalýsýnýz (advice and possibility).

- Will: I’ll stay at home tomorrow :Yarýn evde oturacaðim. (Intention).

- Must : You must not smoke here : Burada sigara  içmemelisin- içmemen gerekir.(Strong necessity).

You mus not park here : Buraya park edemezsin-yasak.

He must earn a lot of money : Çok para kazanmalý.

- Have to : I have to go to Ýstabul         : Ýstanbul’a gitmeye mecburum- gitmek zorundayým.

I will have to go to Ýstanbul next year :Gelecek yýl  Ýstanbul’a gitmeye mecbur olacaðým- gitmek zorunda olacaðým. (Necessity).

- Have got to : I have got to go to Ýstanbul now :Þimdi Ýstanbul’a gitmem gerekmektedir.(Necessity).

-  Had better : You had better go to Ýstanbul : Ýstanbula gitsen iyi olur. (Advice).

-Need to : I need to talk to you : Seninle konuþmaya ihtiyacým var.

I need to leave now:Þimdi gitmem lazým.Gitmeye mecburum.

I need to go to work =Ýþe gitmem lazým.

I need you :Sana muhtacým.Sana ihtiyacýmvar.

- Need not:  he need not go to Ýstanbul : Ýstanbul’a gitmesine gerek yok.(Unnecessity).

-  Used to : I used to go to Ýstanbul every month : Her ay ben Ýstanbul’ a giderdim.

- Dare not : He dare not oppose his boss in any way :  O  patronuna her hangi bir þekilde karþý gelmeðe cesaret edemez..

- Would rather /sooner/ just as soon : I would rather walk than take a taxi: Taksiye binmektense yürümeyi tercih ederim..

Would you rather have tea or coffee: Çay mý yoksa kahve mi tercih edersiniz?

We should would sooner drink raký than whisky : Viskiden ziyade raký içmeði tercih ederiz.

I am sick and tired of living in this big city.I would just as soon live in a small city : Bu büyük þehirde yaþamaktan hasta ve yorgunum.Ben üçük bir þehirde yaþamayý tercih ederim.

- Be able to : I am able to speak English : Ben Ýngilizce konuþabilirim.(Ability).

- Be supposed to : I am supposed to return this book to the library today: Bu kitabý bugün kütüphaneye iade etmem gerekiyor.

- Should have :

He should have paid more attention  to what he was doing : Yaptýðýna daha çok dikkat etmeliydi- dikkat etmesi gerekirdi.

I should have paid the money : Parayý ödemiþ olmam gerekirdi- ödemeliydim.

- Ought to have : I ought to have phoned you this morning, but I forgot : Sana bu sabah telefon etmem gerekirdi, fakat unuttum. 

- Could have : He could have won the match : O maçý kazanabilirdi.

- Could not have : He could not have won the match : O maçý kazanamazdý-kazanmýþ olamaz.

 It could not have been better : Daha iyi olamazdý.

- Can not have : He cannot have arrived at the house : Eve  varmýþ olamaz.

- Must have : She must have gotten some good news : O iyi bir haber  almýþ olmalý.

- May have : She may have been angry at you : Sana kýzmýþ olabilir.

He may have failed the exam : Sýnavda kalmýþ olabilir.

- Might have : He might have been offended at what I said  the other day:O geçen gün söylediðime alýnmýþ olabilir.

- He might have been successful : Baþarýlý olabilirdi.

- Need not have : You need not have spoken with to her like this : Onunla böyle konuþmana gerek yoktu.

- Would rather: I would rather have stayed at home : Evde oturmayý tercih ederdim.

I would rather have seen the movie than  read the book : Kitabý okumaktansa filmi görmeyi tercih ederdim.

- Could/might have : They could/might have told me : Bana söylemeleri gerekirdi (complaint)..

-Got : He has a good job.He has got a big house and an expensive car :Onu iyi bir iþi var-iþe sahip. Onun büyük bir evi ve pahalý bir arabasý var.

 

I would go to movie the movies/cinema except if it were wasn´t WAS on a wednesday : O gün Çarþamba deðilse, sinemaya giderdim.

 

Hmmm.... I disagree with this first correction. Using a "was not" form against "except" is incorrect as it creates a double negative.

 

The original usage of "except if it were..." was correct in British English; "except if it was..." would be more normal in US English.

The original usage of "except if it were..." was correct in British English; "except if it was..." would be more normal in US English.

 

 

 Being not English at all: what´s the problem with British English? I think it sounds much better!

 

 

 I agree with you that ´except if it were´ is more correct in British English (we´re all becoming too Americanised!!) but as the original Turkish sentence says ´o gün çarþamba deðilse´ - the sentence says ´I would got to the cinema if it wasn´t on Wednesday´ - or am I getting totally confused!

I- TENSES AND SITUATIONS

 

Ben þimdi bu romaný okuyorum. I am now (at present) reading this book 

En kýsa zamanda bu romaný okurum. I read this novel everytime

Yarýn bu romaný okuyacaðým.I shall read this novel tomorrow

Dün bu romaný okuyacaktým (Ama okumadým). I should have read this novel yesterday 

Ýleride bu romaný okumam gerekecek.I should have to read this novel

Bir gün bu romaný okumam gerekecekti.I should have been read this novel one day (sorry - this doesn´t make sense in English)

Bu romaný okumuþ olmam gerekirdi. (Ama okumadým).I should have hadt to read this novel

Dün bu romaný okudum.I read this novel yesterday

Dün bu romaný okuyordum. I was reading this novel yesterday

Çocukken hep bu romaný okurdum (Þimdi okumuyorum).I used to read this novel when I was a child

Bu romaný okumuþtum (Zaman belirsiz). I had read this novel

Bu romaný okudum (Zaman belirsiz, okumam devam ediyor). I have read this novel

Bu romaný okuyabilirdim.I could have read this novel

Bu  romaný okumuþ olmalýydým.I would have read this novel

Bu romaný okumuþ olmam gerekirdi.I should have had to read this novel (?)

Gelecek hafta bugün bu romaný okumuþ olacaðým.I shall have read this novel by this day next week 

Sen uykuda iken ben bu romaný okuyor olacaðým.I shall be reading this novel while you are asleep

Bu romaný okuyabilirim.I may read this novel

Ýstanbul´a dönüþümde bu romaný okuyacaðým (Kesin yargý).I am to read this novel on my retur to Ýstanbul

Bu romaný okumaya muktedirim.I can read this novel

Bu romaný okumam lazým (gerekir) (lazým gelir).I have to read this novel

Bu romaný okumam gerekirdi-okumalýydým - I ought to have read this novel.

Bu roman okumam gerek- I ought to read this novel

Bu romaný okumam iyi olur.I would better to read this novel

Bu romaný okumalýyým. I must read this novel

Bu romaný okumam lazým.I should read this novel 

Bu romaný okumaya ihtiyacým var .I need to read this novel

Bu romaný okumama gerek yok.I need not  don´t need to read this novel

Bu romaný  okuyor olmalýyým.I must have been reading this novel

Bu romaný okumuþ olmazdým.I cannot have to read this novel  (no sense in English)

Bu romaný okusam iyi olur. I ought to read this novel

Dün bu romaný okumuþ olacaktým (Ama okumadým).I was to have read this novel yesterday

Bu romaný okuyabildim.I was able to read this novel

Bu romaný okuyabilirim.I am able to read this novel

Bu romaný okumayý seviyorum.I like-love- reading this novel

Bu romaný okuyabilir olacaðým.I shall be able to read this novel

Bu romaný okuyabiliyordum.I could read this novel

Bu romaný on yýldýr okuyor olacaðým.I shall have been reading this novel for 10 years.

Bu romaný on yuýldýr okuyorum.I have been reading this novel for 10 years

Bu romaný okumuþ olman gerekirdi.I ought to have read this novel

Bu romaný okumalýyým.I ought to read this novel

Bu romaný okumuþ olmam gerekirdi.I should have read this novel.

Bu romaný okumalýydým.I should have read this novel

Bu romaný okuyabilir miyim.Might I read this book?

Bu romaný okuyabilir miydim.Could I read this novel? (isn´t this past tense? ´was I able to read this novel?´

Bu romaný okuyabilirim.I might to read this novel.

Bu romaný okuyabileceðimi söyledi.I said I could read this novel (and, isn´t this future tense? - ´I said I will be able to read this novel´

Bu romaný okuyacaðým her ne kadar zor olsa da.I will read this novel difficult it is at first (I think it should be ´as difficult as it is at first´

Buromaný okudum ( devam ediyor).I have read this novel

Bu romaný okumuþ olmalýydým.I should have read this novel

Bu romaný okumam gerekmiyordu.I need not have read this novel

Bu romaný okumak zorunda deðildim.I did not have to read this novel

Anlaþýlan, bu romaný okumam gerekecek.So I should have to read this novel

Bu romaný okumak mecburiyetindeyim (zorundaydým).I had to read this novel

Bu romaný okuyabilir misiniz?Can yopu read this novel -  could you read this novel - would you read this novel?

Bu romaný okuyabilirsiniz.You can read this novel

Bu romam daima okunur.This novel is read always.

Bu romaný okuyabilirdiniz (Ama okumadýnýz).You could read this novel -

Bu romaný okumuþ olmalýydýnýz.You could have read this novel 

Keþke bu romaný okusaydým.I wish I had read this novel

Bu romaný okumanýzý tavsiye ederim.I advice-recommend you to read this novel

 

Not - PS :

Cümle hatalarýmý lüfen düzeltiniz.Katkýlarýnýza ihtiyacým var.

Correct my sentences please.I need your contributions.

 

Sn. Deli_kizin’ a, çevirilere olan katkýlarý nedeniyle çok teþekkür ederiz.