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bu şekilde: this way, like this "Soruyu bu şekilde çözersen daha iyi olur." (It's better to solve this question this way)
böyle: like this, such as etc. (Böyle zor bir sınav görmedim) (I haven't ever seen such a hard exam).
If you do it like this, it is better. (Böyle yaparsan daha iyi). It's very similar to "bu şekilde" Bu şekilde is a bit formal.
böylece: so, thus. (Önce süpermarkete gideriz böylece sen de alışveriş yaparsın) First we go to the market so/thus/and you can shop.
bu şekilde/şu şekilde/o şekilde: like this and like that.
şÃ¶yle/ şÃ¶ylece / o şekilde: Bu ödevi şÃ¶yle yap/ o şekilde yap. (it's like you are showing how to do and explaining at the same time. They all mean "like this" )
öyle/ öylece: like that (Like you've explained before or someone else has shown before and you are reffering to that way/style etc.
bu/o yüzden: because of this/So/Therefore. (less formal)
bu/o nedenle: because of this/So/Therefore (formal)
dolayısıyla: as a result, as a consequence,so (O gün hastaydım, dolayısıyla okula gidemedim) I was sick so I could not go to the school.
Dolayısıyla is like the action is one of the results, consequences of the previous action/cause.
binaenaleyh (very old, very few and old people use it when they want to be very formal.
Not easy I must say but many of them are used interchangeably actually.
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