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I was starting to learn grammar in( Yeni hittit books) but all the grammar rules in turkish not in english translatian, please I want to know the names of grammar lessons in turkish.
And I have another questian please is teacher yeni hiti book is better than dersler? book I have only dersler book
thanks in advance
Then, first you need to learn Turkish Grammar Terms , Nifritity. Such as ;
Özne ---> Subject
Nesne --> Object
Yüklem ---> Predicate, Verb
Fiil [Eylem] ---> Verb
Zarf ---> Adverb
Sıfat ---> Adjective
Geniş zaman ---> Aorist Tense
Gelecek zaman --> Future Tense
Şimdiki zaman ---> Present Continues Tense
Di´li geçmiş zaman ---> Simple Past Tense
Bağlaç ---> Conjunction
....so on .....
SUCH AS ;
ad tamlaması ---> possessive construction
sokak kedisi ---> street cat
demir köprü -----> iron bridge
gümüş tepsi -----> silver tray
ağız -----> local dialect
İstanbul ağzı ---> İstanbul dialect.
Konya ağzı -----> Konya dialect.
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Bağlaç ----> conjunction
Ve, veya, veyahut, ile, bile, fakat.....etc.
ile ---> with
bile ---> even
fakat ---> but
ve ---> and
veya ---> or
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bağlaçlı özne -----> Subject with conjunction
O ki benim en iyi arkadaşımdı.... ------> O ki
He that [who] was my best friend... ----> he that
Siz de gelin ---> You [plural or polite way to adress] also come.
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Adıl [ Zamir ] ----> Pronoun
Ben, sen, o, biz, siz, onlar; kendim, kendin, kendi (kendisi) , kendimiz, kendiniz, kendileri; bu (bunlar) , şu (şunlar) , o (onlar) ; kim (kimi, kime, kimde, kimden, kimin) ; ne (neyi, neye, nede, neden, neyin) ; biri, birisi, birbiri vb.
I, you, he/she/it, they, myself,yourself,himself/herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,this,these,that,those;who,whose
what,someone....etc..
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ad kökü -----> nominal root
The pure noun with no suffix added.
ev, el, baş, araba
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addan türeme ad ----> denominative noun
A noun that is derived from a noun.
yazlık < yaz+lık ---> yaz = summer , yazlık = summer house
denizci < deniz+ci ---> deniz = sea, denizci = sailor
göz [ eye] + lük = gözlük --> glasses
kitap [book] + lık ---> kitaplık ---> bookcase
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Anlam daralması --------> semantic restriction
A limitation on what other words can go with any particular word, based on the meaning of the latter.
For example " Mal " means in common meaning = all goods , but in restricted meaning "Mal" means = animals, flock of sheep or goats
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ad tümcesi ----> nominal sentence
Türk´üm. ----> I am Turk.
Yorgunsun. ---> You are tired.
Yorgun değilsin. --> You are not tired.
O iyi bir çocuk. ----> He/she is a good child.
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bağlaçlı yantümce ----> Relative clause
The clause after conjunction "ki"
Diyorlar ki ekmek fırını bugün kapalı olacakmış. ---> They say that today the bread shop will be closed.
Zannediyorum ki bu akşam Nevin gelir -----> I suppose that Nevin will come tonight.
Bilirim ki Türkçe kolaydır. -----> I know that Turkish is easy.
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addan türeme eylem-----> denominative verb
A verb that is derived from a noun.
Evlenmek (ev-le-n-) ---> Ev [house] + len = to get married
başlamak (baş-la-] -----> Baş [head] + la = to start
başarmak (baş-ar-) -----> Baş [head] +ar = to succeed
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adıl n si -----> pronominal “n”
This "n" comes between 3.person possesive suffix and noun cases.
Ev + i [3.PS] + n [ pronominal “n”] + e [ Dative case ] ---> Evine ---> to his/her house
Evinde ---> At/in his/her house
Evinden ---> From his/her house
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anlam çokluğu -----> Polysemy
A word that has multiple meanings.
Yüz = 1. Face
Yüz = 2. Hundred
Yüz = 3. Side
Yüz = 4. pillow cover
There are other Polysemic words such as ; ayak, el, dil, kara, etc..
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bağlama ulacı ----> "ıp,ip,up,üp "
These endings are used in place of the conjunction " VE " and does exactly the same job.
Ali bakkala gitti ve bir ekmek aldı. = Ali bakkala gidip bir ekmek aldı.
[ Ali went to shop and bought a bread ]
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Beni gördü ve selam verdi. = Beni görüp selam verdi.
[He/she saw me and greeted me ]
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belgisiz adıl ----> indefinite pronoun
A pronoun that refers to one or more unspecified beings, objects
Herkes, kimse, falan, filan, biri, çoğu, hepsi, başkası, birçoğu, birkaçı, birazı, birtakımı, bazısı, birbirini ....etc..
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belirtme sıfatı -----> determinative adjective
Bu kitap ---> This book
O adam-----> That man
hangi ağaç ----> Which tree ?
ne biçim ? ---> What sort? , what kind ?
dördüncü ev---> The fourth house
kimi insanlar ----> Some people
.......etc....
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birleşik eylem ----> compound verb, complex verb
a multi-word compound that acts as a single verb
His [feeling] + s [repeating the last consonant]+ etmek [auxiliary verb ] --> Hissetmek
Hissetmek = to feel
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Kayıp [ Loss,missing ] + Kaybetmek [ "ı" drops and "p" changes into "b" ]
Kaybetmek ----> to lose
Kayıp + etmek [ auxiliary verb ]
******************************************************************
Hasta [ ill,sick] + olmak [ auxiliary verb "to be" ]----> Hasta olmak = To be sick [ill], to get sick [ill].
******************************************************************
Teşekkür [thank ] + etmek [ auxiliary verb ] ------> Teşekkür etmek = To thank
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SO ON AND ON ...............
Check this ;
http://www.turkishclass.com/forumTitle_51977
Edited (9/29/2012) by tunci
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