I know that the continuous (-Iyor(-) form) tense is used more often in Turkish than in English.

Ex. Türkçe biliyorum (I know Turkish)

You don´t say "I am knowing Turkish", but that´s the literal translation.

Can someone explain to me or point me in the direction of a page which will explain this and other uses of the coninuous, or to a post that has already asked this question? Thanks.

It´s a good question. But hard to give a good answer. In many cases, you need to just learn it with practice.  

The other form is Aorist. It´s kind of like present tense. But kind of like timeless:

http://www.turkishlanguage.co.uk/aoristpos.htm

A good example is when something is habitual:

Tony runs every day.

Tony her gün koşar.

There´s many cases where either Aorist or Present Continuous is OK. And many other cases you should use Present Continuous only.