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Combining -leş, -tir, -il etc ...
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22 Jan 2019 Tue 01:26 am |
I have great difficulty in understanding how to make compound adjectives using ... -leş, -tir, -il etc. forexample GERÇEK-LEŞ-TIR-İL-MİŞ .... Please can a knowlegable person point me in the right direction or provide guidance. I am a native speaker of English ... but not familiar with English grammar at all!!
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22 Jan 2019 Tue 03:52 pm |
-leş makes verbs from nouns. It means become.
-tir forms verbs from verbs in the sense of causative.
-il forms passive verbs.
You may or may not use these suffixes before -miş, which makes adjectives from verbs.
Look at these examples:
iyi pişmiş (< piş) bir pirzola
taze sıkılmış (< sık) portakal suyu
dondurulmuş (< don) yiyecekler
keşfedilmemiş (< keşfet) topraklar
Look also at this idiom:
Ölmüş eşek kurttan korkmaz.
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22 Jan 2019 Tue 03:52 pm |
-leş makes verbs from nouns. It means become.
-tir forms verbs from verbs in the sense of causative.
-il forms passive verbs.
You may or may not use these suffixes before -miş, which makes adjectives from verbs.
Look at these examples:
iyi pişmiş (< piş) bir pirzola
taze sıkılmış (< sık) portakal suyu
dondurulmuş (< don) yiyecekler
keşfedilmemiş (< keşfet) topraklar
Look also at this idiom:
Ölmüş eşek kurttan korkmaz.
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22 Jan 2019 Tue 11:20 pm |
Thank you qdemir ... my problem is when these modifiers come in the same noun one after the other ... as in ´Gerçekleştirilmis´!!! ... just an example! And to add to difficulty ... sometimes it involves deploying ´Double Negatives´. Things appear simple for a ´Native´ speaker of Turkish ... but a ´Foreign´ learner and a prize idiot like me needs a whole chapter that explains and provides exempler sentences. Just ennunciation of dry rules leave a void. Is there a ´Link´ or a source that I might access. But thank you explaining at least one thing viz.,You may or may not use these suffixes before -miş, which makes adjectives from verbs. This has been somewhat helpful. Thanks.
Edited (1/22/2019) by Tazx1
[typo error]
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23 Jan 2019 Wed 01:18 am |
Check out https://www.turkishlanguage.co.uk.
You may also like to check out my grammar and vocabulary books at https://www.easyturkishgrammar.com.
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23 Jan 2019 Wed 07:21 pm |
Thank you very much for your kind help. I will visit the ´Links´ you suggest.
Regards.
Tazx1
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11 Jun 2019 Tue 06:30 am |
Well you go suffix by suffix and you get the meaning.
Gerçek- true, real.
-leş- to become (nouns to verbs) Türkleşmek- to become Turk
-tir- causative- to cause to. Easiest example is the verb to kill: Öldürmek- which literally translates to ´To cause to die´.
-il- reflexive- Sevmek- to love, Sevilmek- to be loved.
-miş- something you personally did not witness, you just heard it. Or, heard past tense. (Duyulan geçmiş zaman)
So your exact translation: Gerçekleştirilmiş- İt was caused to become real (But you did not witness it).
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11 Jun 2019 Tue 10:40 pm |
Well you go suffix by suffix and you get the meaning.
Gerçek- true, real.
-leş- to become (nouns to verbs) Türkleşmek- to become Turk
-tir- causative- to cause to. Easiest example is the verb to kill: Öldürmek- which literally translates to ´To cause to die´.
-il- reflexive- Sevmek- to love, Sevilmek- to be loved.
-miş- something you personally did not witness, you just heard it. Or, heard past tense. (Duyulan geçmiş zaman)
So your exact translation: Gerçekleştirilmiş- İt was caused to become real (But you did not witness it).
just wanted to correct one thing ,
il-- this suffix is not reflexive , it is passive suffix.
gerçekleştir-İL-miş.. --- it was caused to happen/come true (by someone or some people ) --(I heard, somebody said)
Reflexive mood verbs are --- Verbs that whose direct object is the same as its subject.
Ben yıkandım. --I washed (myself)
BEN--------SUBJECT
BEN -------DİRECT OBJECT
------------------------
In ´´gerçekleştirilmiş ´´ the action was done by someone else, therefore it is passive verb. (so the suffix ´´il´´ is passive voice ending )
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21 Jun 2019 Fri 09:17 pm |
-il can be used for reflexive mood at times:
eğ-il-mek (eğilip yerden aldım)
diz-il-mek (millet yolun kenarına dizilmişti)
ser-il-mek (yatağa serilmiş yatıyor)
...
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23 Jun 2019 Sun 07:04 pm |
just wanted to correct one thing ,
il-- this suffix is not reflexive , it is passive suffix.
gerçekleştir-İL-miş.. --- it was caused to happen/come true (by someone or some people ) --(I heard, somebody said)
Reflexive mood verbs are --- Verbs that whose direct object is the same as its subject.
Ben yıkandım. --I washed (myself)
BEN--------SUBJECT
BEN -------DİRECT OBJECT
------------------------
In ´´gerçekleştirilmiş ´´ the action was done by someone else, therefore it is passive verb. (so the suffix ´´il´´ is passive voice ending )
Yeah I meant passive and İ thought reflexive for a bit, it was 6:30 in the morning. I made the confusion, because my brain was thinking of üzmek- üzülmek initially, but İ thought sevmek was a better example so İ used that, forgetting that İ´m talking about passive, not reflexive and also that in gerçekleştirilmek -il is of course passive mood. Neyse, I know the difference already, but thank you for the correction, the others shouldn´t learn wrong.
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