In the previous lesson on pronouns, we covered the basic pronouns. The topics covered were:

• Personal pronouns (ben, sen, o, biz, siz, onlar)

• Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o, bunlar, şunlar, onlar)

• Possessive pronouns

  • Personal possessive pronouns (benim, senin, onun, bizim, sizin, onların)

  • Demonstrative possessive pronouns (bunun, şunun, onun, bunların, şunların, onların)

• Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin, kendisi, kendimiz, kendiniz, kendileri)

There are also other pronouns used for many different situations, like everybody, nothing... Let's now see the Turkish meanings for these pronouns.

In English, some of these pronouns that have negative meanings are used in positive sentences. For example,

There is nobody here. (Instead of there isn't nobody here)

In Turkish, you never do this. If the meaning of a pronoun is negative, it must always be used in a negative sentence. Similarly, pronouns with positive meanings must always be used in positive sentences.

There is nobody here. --> Burada hiçkimse yok.

Now, let's use some of these pronouns in sentences:

Every flower does not smell. --> Her çiçek kokmaz.

What is this thing? --> Bu şey ne?

There is none left. --> Hiç kalmadı.

Some students are here. --> Bazı öğrenciler burada.

All students are here. --> Bütün öğrenciler burada.

Everything's ok. --> Herşey yolunda.

Everything is here. --> Herşey burada.

Ask something. --> Birşey sor.

I saw nothing. --> Hiçbir şey görmedim.

Is there anything? --> Herhangibir şey var mı?

Is everybody here? --> Herkes burada mı?

Somebody came. --> Birisi geldi.

Nobody came. --> Hiç kimse gelmedi.

Anybody can come. --> Herhangi birisi gelebilir.

All of these are mine. --> Bunların hepsi benim.