Making a verb imperative for the second singular person (sen), is the same as it is done in English. Just use the plain verb without any suffix or change. When you want to order something to a single person listening to you, you just say the plain verb. Examples:
Come! --> Gel!
Go! --> Git!
Read! --> Oku!
Sit down! --> Otur!
Stand up! --> Kalk!
However, different from English, there is an imperative form for different cases of person. Let´s see now how these are constructed:
|
Personal Pronoun
|
Suffix |
| Ben |
No first person singular form |
| Sen |
- (no suffix)
|
| O |
-sin |
| Biz |
No first person plural form |
| Siz |
-in |
| Onlar |
-sinler |
Now, let´s see the meaning of each case using the verb to go (gitmek).
|
Case
|
Meaning |
| (sen) git |
go! (singular, to a single person)
|
| (o) git-sin --> gitsin |
let him go (not like "allow him to go", this has the meaning that you want him to go in an imperative way)
|
| (siz) git-in --> gidin |
go! (plural, to multiple people) |
| (onlar) git-sinler --> gitsinler |
let them go (again, the meaning is not like "allow them to go", gitsinler means that you want them to go and you are expressing this in an imperative way) |
As you can see, a commonly used clause, "let´s", is included in the imperative definition. If you want to say "Let´s go to the movie", it becomes "Sinemaya gidelim" in Turkish. Now, let´s see how the example verbs we used above are made imperative with respect to different cases of person.
|
Personal Pronoun
|
gelmek - to come |
gitmek - to go |
okumak - to read |
oturmak - to sit down |
kalkmak - to stand up |
| sen |
gel
|
git |
oku |
otur |
kalk |
| o |
gelsin |
gitsin |
okusun |
otursun |
kalksın |
| siz |
gelin |
gidin |
okuyun |
oturun |
kalkın |
| onlar |
gelsiler |
gitsinler |
okusunlar |
otursunlar |
kalksınlar |
There is no first person singular or first person plural form of the imperatives, but there is another form called wish clause that gives a similar meaning for the first person singular and plural. Note that only the first person singular and first person plural forms of the wish clause are used in practice. Here is how the wish clause is constructed:
|
Personal Pronoun
|
Suffix
|
|
Ben
|
-eyim
|
|
Biz
|
-elim
|
|
Case
|
Meaning
|
|
(ben) git-eyim --> gideyim
|
let me go
|
|
(biz) git-elim --> gidelim
|
let´s go
|
|
Personal Pronoun
|
gelmek - to come
|
gitmek - to go
|
okumak - to read
|
oturmak - to sit down
|
kalkmak - to stand up
|
|
Ben
|
Geleyim
|
gideyim
|
okuyayım
|
oturayım
|
kalkayım
|
|
Biz
|
Gelelim
|
gidelim
|
okuyalım
|
oturalım
|
kalkalım
|
|