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Turkish loanwords in Hungarian language
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1. |
11 Jun 2009 Thu 11:01 pm |
I came here, because I began to like the Turkish language. It reminds me to Hungarian. Both of them is very hard to learn for non-native speaker, but it is not impossible.
I don´t know what have you learned about Hungary, but we were conquered for 150 years in the middle age by Turks. This perios had positive and negative effects too, but our culture and language evolved because of the Turkish people.
As far as I know 9% of our words have a Turkish origin. Here are some example:
- Lovaglás: gyeplő
- Törzsi rend, nomád társadalom: gyula, kündü, karcha, kapu, sereg, tábor, bilincs, törvény, tanú
- Népnevek: besenyő, nándor, böszörmény, káliz, bular (belár)
- Vallás, hiedelemvilág: báj, ige, igéz, boszorkány, ünnep, egyház, búcsú, gyón
- Állattartás: barom, ökör, bika, tinó, ünő, borjú, ürü, kos, kecske, disznó, ártány, tyúk, túró, író, köpű, ól, karám, vályú, komondor, kuvasz
- Földművelés: arat, búza, árpa, őröl, ocsú, kölyű, eke, sarló, tarló, borsó, gyümölcs, alma, körte, som, dió, kökény, kender, csalán, tiló, csepű, orsó, szőlő, bor, seprő, csiger
- Halászat: gyalom, vejsze, tok, süllő, gyertya
- Solymászás, madarászás: sólyom, keselyű, ölyv, turul, karvaly, tőr
- Mesterségek: ács, szűcs
- Közlekedés: tengely, szál
- Kereskedés: bársony, gyöngy, bors, tár, szatócs
- Természeti környezet: tenger, sár, szél
- Állatvilág: oroszlán, bölény, gödény, túzok, ürge, borz, bögöly
- Növényvilág: gyertyán, kőris, katáng, kóró, gyékény, gyom, bojtorján, kökörcsin, üröm
- Család: gyermek, kölyök, iker
- Test, testi tulajdonságok: térd, boka, gyomor, köldök, tar, csipa, szeplő
- Lakás, eszközök: sátor, cserge, karó, szék, teknő, bölcső, koporsó, balta
- Ruházat: süveg, saru, ködmön, csat, tükör
- Igék: gyűl, dől, szór, szűr, csavar, söpör, arat
But if you follow this link, there will be better examples with Turkish words:
http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macarca
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_language
What I could discover, when I was in Turkey:
kapu = kapýsý
sál = eþarp
sárga = sarý
alma = elma
sok = çok
Edited (6/11/2009) by Platschu
Edited (6/11/2009) by Platschu
Edited (6/12/2009) by Platschu
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2. |
12 Jun 2009 Fri 07:46 am |
Bir:1:egy Ãki:2:ketto(iker:twin) Üç:3:harom Dört:4:negy Beþ:5:ot Altý:6:hat Yedi:7:het Sekiz:8:nyolc( read like this: nioltz in ger.) Dokuz:9:kilenc(read like this: kilentz in ger.) On:10:tiz Yirmi:20:husz Otuz:30:harminc Kýrk:40:negyven Elli:50:ötven Altmýþ:60:hatvan Yetmiþ:70:hetven Seksen:80:nyolcvan Doksan:90:kilencven Yüz:100:szaz
What seems intereresting to me is the -van/-ven ending after 40, 50,...,90. They make me think that that ending is the Turkish 10 (on). Turkish has it after 80 (seksen < sekiz on) and 90 (doksan < dokuz on) and in some Turkic languages (Turkmen I guess) there are 60 (altan < altI on) and 70 (yeten < yedi on). Surprisingly Hungarian seems to retain more of this ending than Turkish.
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3. |
12 Jun 2009 Fri 10:05 am |
Maybe the ending of numbers is a heritage of Turkish influence, but I haven´t heard about it.
The personal pronoun sounds similar too:
Ben - én
Sen - te
O - ő
Biz - mi
Siz - ti
Onlar - ők
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Even my name, Ákos has a Turkish origin. Somewhere I´ve read it means in old Turkish "white bird" as ak-kush.
* * *
Here are some interesting article:
http://www.columbia.edu/~sss31/Turkiye/macarca.turkce.html
http://mek.niif.hu/01900/01911/html/index2.html
http://www.ghs-mh.de/migration/projects/language/la_hu_1.htm
Edited (6/12/2009) by Platschu
Edited (6/12/2009) by Platschu
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4. |
12 Jun 2009 Fri 10:40 am |
Is there any connection between ´ tesek´ from Hungarian and ´tesekkur´ from Turkish ?
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5. |
12 Jun 2009 Fri 10:50 am |
I don´t know. "Tesek" is not a word, because it is "tessék". This has no easy translation in English, but maybe the "please" word is equal. We use it, when you want to speak someone with very politely.
Köszönöm = Thank you
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6. |
12 Jun 2009 Fri 11:09 am |
Also we had talked about Turkish and Hungarian in this thread
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7. |
13 Jun 2009 Sat 09:59 pm |
Is there any connection between ´ tesek´ from Hungarian and ´tesekkur´ from Turkish ?
It is unlikely. Teþekkür itself is a loan word from Arabic. Its root is shukr which is also used in Turkish as þükür.
Basically, there are two channels through which the two languages influenced each other.
1. A possible common protolanguage in the distant past. It is not easy to prove this. There are many common misconceptions about history beyond 1000 years in the past. For example, Turks had long settled in Anatolia erecting monuments, building towns of various sizes before 1071 which is widely regarded as the date Turks entered Anatolia. New archeological finds demonstrated how limited our knowledge about past events is.
2. Hungary becoming a part of the Ottoman Empire. As far as I know, the main importance of Hungary and Poland for the Ottoman rulers was gaining allies against Austrians and the big powers of the day supporting it. I guess the influence of the Ottoman culture must therefore be quite limited compared to that in the Balkans.
Consequently, we are looking into a few remnants of the long past today.
Edited (6/13/2009) by vineyards
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