The very pure translation of "here" in turkish is "bura" The other ones are the suffixed forms.

I think actually in english it's strange, because you don't use any preposition with here, there etc. (come here, not come to here..)
But in Turkish, just like other words it takes all of the suffixes.

Buraya gel. -e suffix (come here)literally come to here
Burası çok sıcak. like "the here" literally(here is very hot)
Burayı sevdin mi? -i accusative(Have you liked here?)
Buradan gidelim. -den (from) Let's go away from here.
Buranın havası güzel. Its weather is nice.

"outside": "dışarı" and you add suffixes to this.(dışarıya, dışarısı, dışarıyı, dışarıdan)

there= oraya

A ruder one is: (you must be very angry with the person)

Odamdan defol!

Meltem already pointed to that detail but burada has the -da suffix (locative case suffix). Other cases are as follows:

nominative : burası : this place
dative : buraya : to this place
accusative : burayı : this place
locative: burada : in this place
ablative : buradan : from this place
genitive: buranın : this place's

Smillarly we have these below:

nominative : şurası : that place
dative : şuraya : to that place
accusative : şurayı : that place
locative: şurada : in that place
ablative : şuradan : from that place
genitive: şuranın : that place's

nominative : orası : that place
dative : oraya to that place
accusative : orayı : that place
locative: orada : in that place
ablative : oradan : from that place
genitive: oranın : that place's

Notice that şurası is prefered for visible distance while orası is prefered for invisible distance. When following the pattern nominatives should be 'bura', 'ora' and 'şura' but these are hardly used anymore.

Is this another example of words that have become aggulated through use???

Bu = this
Şu = that
O = that

"ra" means or used to mean "place"?