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The word groups in Turkish
1.       tunci
7149 posts
 16 Jul 2012 Mon 01:17 am

The word groups are naturally consists of more than one word in it and  they are formed according to a certain order. In the group forms there is a unity in the meaning.


1. Repetitions

a. Repetitions of the same word ;

ışıl ışıl [shining, flaring]

ikişer ikişer [two by two]

vah vah [what a pity !, woe !]

diye diye [by saying repeatedly ]

"Bu sefer onu bulduğum yerde azarlayacağım" diye diye gitti.

He´s gone by saying repeatedly " I will tell him off wherever I see him ".

----------------------------------------------------------------------

b. Repetitions of the words that have close meaning ;

toz toprak ---> dust[y]

Yerleri süpürdükten sonra etraf toz toprak oldu.

After sweeping the floor , everywhere got dusty.


ipsiz  sapsız ----> outcast, errant

Bu parka son zamanlarda ipsiz sapsızlar gelmeye başladı.

Lately the outcasts [errants] has been coming to this park.

----------------------------------------------------------------

c. The repetitions with opposite meaning.

iyi  kötü  [not bad, more or less]

iyi  kötü bir arabam var.

The car that I have is not bad.

 

aşağı yukarı [roughly,approximately]

alt üst [upside dow]

-------------------------------------------------------------------

d. Exceptional repetitions [ This type of repetitions are formed by repeating a syllable in the word instead of repeating the whole word]

Sıcak mıcak ---> hot or not

Sıcak mıcak farketmez. Çayı getir de içelim.

It doesnt matter it[tea] is hot or not. Bring the tea and we´ll drink it.

---------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Conjunctive groups

Mehmet´in babası ile Hüseyin´in babası ---> Mehmet´s father and Hüseyin´s father

                                                                [ Mehmet´s and Hüseyin´s father]

Kırk ila elli ---> [between]

Between 40 and 50

Kırk ila elli kişi ---> between five and ten people

 

geldi ve gitti ---> [He/She came and gone]

------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. Adjective compound

beş kişi ---> five people

güzel çocuk --> beautiful child

sıcak yaz akşamları ---> hot summer nights

ağaçtan düşüp kolu kırılan çocuk ---> a child who fell from the tree and broke his arm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. Noun compound

a. Defined noun compound

Selim’in atı ---> Selim´s horse

pencerenin camı ---> The window´s glass

evin yıkılacağı ---> The house´s demolishing
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

b.Undefined noun compound

pencere camı ---> a window glass

Fen fakültesi ---> science faculty

Turizm bakanı ---> Minister of tourism

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. Groups of ownership

Sizin odanınki ---> the thing that belongs to your room

Bizim odanın lambası çalışmıyor. Sizin odanınki çalışıyor mu ?

The lamb in [of] our room is not working. Is yours working ?[is the one that is in your room working ?]

 

tarihten önceki ---> something that is before the history

tarihten önceki çağlar --> prehistoric ages [ the ages that belong to before history ]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. Compound words

Açık + göz --> Açıkgöz --> shrewd

Ayak + kabı --> Ayakkabı --> shoe

Yeşil + ırmak ---> Yeşilırmak [name of a river]

Çukur + ova ---> Çukurova [name of a place]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7. Compound verbs

a. Auxillary with noun

rica   et-mek  ---> rica etmek = to request, to ask for

noun   auxillary

 

dost ol-mak -----> dost olmak  = to be friend

noun auxillary

 

gürültü yap-mak ---> to make noise

noun  auxillary


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

b. Auxillary with verb

gel + ebil + mek ---> gelebilmek [to be able to work]

verb  auxillary

 

al +ı + vermek ---> alıvermek

verb   auxillary

 

 


 


 



 



Edited (7/16/2012) by tunci
Edited (7/16/2012) by tunci

Moha-ios, Efi70 and ikicihan liked this message
2.       si++
3785 posts
 16 Jul 2012 Mon 10:48 am

 

Quoting tunci

3. Adjective clause

beş kişi ---> five people

güzel çocuk --> beautiful child

sıcak yaz akşamları ---> hot summer nights

ağaçtan düşüp kolu kırılan çocuk ---> a child who fell from the tree and broke his arm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. Noun clause

a. Defined noun clause

Selim’in atı ---> Selim´s horse

pencerenin camı ---> The window´s glass

evin yıkılacağı ---> The house´s demolishing
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

b.Undefined noun clause

pencere camı ---> a window glass

Fen fakültesi ---> science faculty

Turizm bakanı ---> Minister of tourism

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

How do you define clause? Some of them are not clauses.

 

defined/undefined? Wouldn´t definite/indefinite be better?

 

See also: http://www.turkishclass.com/turkish_lesson_35



Edited (7/16/2012) by si++

Efi70 liked this message
3.       tunci
7149 posts
 16 Jul 2012 Mon 11:17 am

 

Quoting si++

 

 

How do you define clause? Some of them are not clauses.

 

defined/undefined? Wouldn´t definite/indefinite be better?

 

See also: http://www.turkishclass.com/turkish_lesson_35

 

Yes Mr.Si++ your term [compound] instead of  "clause" is right, I meant "compound" actually, but it was late night when I post this , so lack of sleep

but in the link you referred , it says "defined" not "definite" , so I will stick with "defined" as it wont make much difference.

 

 



Edited (7/16/2012) by tunci
Edited (7/16/2012) by tunci
Edited (7/16/2012) by tunci

4.       tunci
7149 posts
 16 Jul 2012 Mon 11:52 am

 

8. Title groups

The titles that mostly come after names [Bey, Efendi,Paşa...etc]

Nuri Bey, Mehmet Efendi, Mustafa Kemal Paşa, Hasan Çavuş

 

9. Numeral groups

altı yüz elli

otuz sekiz

iki bin üç

etc..

 

10. Particle groups

okula doğru ----> toward the school

mavi gözleri ile ---> with his/her blue eyes

sessiz akan bir su gibi  ----> like  water that flows quietly

 


 

 

 



Edited (7/16/2012) by tunci

Moha-ios and Efi70 liked this message
5.       tunci
7149 posts
 16 Jul 2012 Mon 12:34 pm

 

11. Attributing groups

Attributing group is a group of abbreviation.

The word group, the one of which attributed to the other and be composed of two elements, is called attributing group. It functions like adjective, adverb and noun, mostly adjective.

This word group has been considered under different titles with various forms in written
sources.

 

baş açık ---> unveiled head, bare head, uncovered head

baş açık dışarı çıktı ---> she went out with unveiled head.

 

ayak yalın


omuzlar düşük

Yüzü asık, omuzlar düşük bir şekilde geldi.

He came with sulky face and his shoulders lowered.


karnı tok


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6.       Abla
3648 posts
 16 Jul 2012 Mon 04:18 pm

baş açıkken, ayak yalınken, omuzlar düşükken, karnı tokken...the same thing or what?

7.       tunci
7149 posts
 16 Jul 2012 Mon 06:28 pm

 

Quoting Abla

baş açıkken, ayak yalınken, omuzlar düşükken, karnı tokken...the same thing or what?

 

To make attributing groups clear I will have to agree with Prof.Vecihe Hatiboğlu. In her book " Türkçenin Sözdizimi" she defined this group as " chained[joint] adjective compound that is formed with possessive suffix "

Her defination made more sense to me.

She gave some examples in some adjective compounds with "-li" suffix,.The word order changes and takes possessive suffix ;

 joint adjective compound  ----->   attributing groups  

Instead of  “açık elli adam” ------>  “eli açık adam” (el-i açık adam)

Instead of  “keskin göz avcı”  ----> “gözü keskin avcı” (göz-ü keskin avcı

Instead of  “uzun saç kadın”  -----> “ saçı uzun kadın” (saç-ı uzun kadın)

 

some other examples of attributing groups are ;

“niyeti bozuk işçi, içi dar insan, gözü sulu çocuk, ayağı
uğurlu kız, söylemesi kolay iş, yüzü yumuşak anne, dini bütün damat, gözü
dışarıda erkek, eli darda baba, başı dertte aile, burnu havada öğrenci, aklı
başında çocuk, eteği belinde hanım, eli ayağı düzgün gelin, saçı başı dağınık
işçi, beti benzi uçuk çocuk, soyu sopu belli adam, yeri yurdu belirsiz turist, yüzü
gözü nurlu büyükanne, sözü sohbeti çekilir ahbap, kaşı gözü kara kız, eli kolu
bağlı adam, hâli vakti yerinde aile, ağzı burnu yerinde kız, havası suyu güzel
kent

 

 



Edited (7/16/2012) by tunci

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8.       Abla
3648 posts
 16 Jul 2012 Mon 07:43 pm

These word queues can modify either nouns

 

ayağı yalın kız

yalın ayaklı kız

 

or verbs

 

Kız ayak yalın koştu

Kız ayak yalınken koştu.

 

Right?

9.       tunci
7149 posts
 16 Jul 2012 Mon 08:07 pm

 

Quoting Abla

These word queues can modify either nouns

 

ayağı yalın kız ---> attributing group

yalın ayaklı kız  ---> joint adjective compound

Yes both modify the noun [kız]

 

or verbs

 

Kız ayağı yalın koştu  ---> Kız Nasıl koştu ?

Kız ayağı yalınken koştu. ---> Kız Ne zaman koştu ?

Kız yalın ayak koştu. ---> Kız Nasıl koştu ?  

 

Those groups above inform us the way and the time of "running" that was performed by the girl . Therefore they modify the action  [verb] = [koşmak]

 

 



Edited (7/16/2012) by tunci
Edited (7/16/2012) by tunci

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