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Turkish Grammar-5: Nouns-4.a

The possessive suffixes have only one type.

 

If you remember, I had said that the meaning stays the same even though you don´t use the personal pronouns. Yep! You can think the same thing for posession too. Even if you don´t use the possessive pronouns, it is understood. But, if you want to emphasise that something is belongs to you, you must use. Otherwise, there is no difference.

 

THE POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS THE POSSESSIVE SUFFIXES in English
benim -m my
senin -n your
onun -i his/her/its
bizim -miz our
sizin -niz your
onların -i/-leri their

 

 

If the word ends with consonant, the possessive suffixes take narrow vowels as helper vowels. In these situations, the "-im"(personal) and "-(i)m" (possessive), "-in" (genitive) and "-(i)n"(possessive) seem the same. But you seperate them as long as you comprehend the topic ;) It´s not too difficult.

 

 

ülke (country)

 

ülke + m ----> (benim) ülkem = my country

ülke + n ---->  (senin) ülken = your country

ülke + i ----->  (onun) ülkesi = his/her/its country

ülke + miz -->  (bizim) ülkemiz = our country

ülke + niz --->  (sizin) ülkeniz = your country

ülke + leri --->  (onların) ülkeleri*

 

* why?

ülke + ler (plural) --> ülkeler (countries)

ülke + ler (plural) + i (possessive) --> ülkeleri=1his/her/its countries, 2their countries

ülke + leri (possessive) ---> ülkeleri=their country

 

The problem is solved like that :

 

onun ülke+i(possessive)

onun ülkesi=his/her/its country

 

onun ülke+ler(plural)+i(possessive)

onun ülkeleri=his/her/its countries

 

onların ülke+i(possessive)

onların ülkesi=their country

 

onların ülke+ler(plural)+i(possessive)

onların ülkeleri=their countries

 

if you want to make "ülkeler (countries)" accusative:

ülke+ler(plural)+i(possessive) --> ülkeleri :D

 

oda (room)

 

oda + m----->odam=my room

oda + n------>odan=your room

oda + ı------->odası=his/her/its room

oda + mız---->odamız=our room

oda + nız----->odanız=your room

oda + ları----->odaları=their room

 

oda+lar(plural)-->odalar=rooms

 

odalar+m---->odalarım=my rooms

odalar+n----->odaların=your rooms

odalar+ı------>odaları=his/her/its rooms.

odalar+mız--->odalarımız=our rooms

odalar+nız---->odalarınız=your rooms

odalar+ı------>odaları=their rooms

onun odası=his/her/its room

onun odaları=his/her/its rooms

onların odası=their room

onların odaları=their rooms

 

i will not write "he/she/it" or "her/his/its" more, i will write only "his" or "her". I think you have understood there is one 3rd singular in Turkish.

 

so as to see the difference "-m" and "-im", "-n" and "-in", and remind the accusative "-i" and possessive "-i"

 

öğrenci + m---->öğrencim=my student

öğrenci + im---->öğrenciyim=i am student

 

öğrenci + n---->öğrencin=your student

öğrenci + in---->öğrencinin=of the student

 

öğrenci + i (possessive)-->öğrencisi=his student

öğrenci + i (accusative)--->öğrenciyi=the student (acc.)

 

öğretmen + m---->öğretmenim=my teacher

öğretmen + im--->öğretmenim=i am teacher

 

Doktor değilim; öğretmenim. = I´m teacher, not doctor.

O benim öğretmenim.=He is my teacher.

 

öğretmen + n---->öğretmenin=your student

öğretmen + in--->öğretmenin=of the teacher

 

O adam senin öğretmenin mi? = Is that man your teacher?

Mavi araba öğretmenin mi? = Is the blue car the teacher´s one?

 

öğretmen + i (possessive)----->öğretmeni=his teacher

öğretmen + i (accusative)------>öğretmeni=the teacher (acc.)

 

Ahmet Bey* onların öğretmeni. = Mr. Ahmet is their teacher.

Öğrenciler yeni gelen öğretmeni çok sevdi.=The students have loved the teacher who has just come very much.

 

*in English the people are called with the surname in the situations of "mr." and "mrs.", but we call with the fore name. (bey=mr., hanım=mrs. : Ahmet Bey, Ayşe Hanım) (alternative: bay=mr, bayan=mrs : Bay Ahmet, Bayan Ayşe. but this isn´t preferred much. the first type is used almost everytime. what´s more, not "almost", everytime.)

 

arkadaş + m--->arkadaşım=my friend

arkadaş + m(pos. of 1st sng.) + sın (pers. of 2nd sng.) --> arkadaşımsın

(you are my friend)

 

akraba (relative)

akraba + ları (pos.) + da (loc.) ---> akrabalarında

(remember the combinative "n")

Otelde değil, akrabalarında kaldılar. (They stayed at their relative, not at the hotel.)

 

akraba + mız(pos.) + da(loc.) + ız (pers. of 1st plu.)--> akrabamızdayız (we are at our relative)

 

ev + m(pos.) + den(abl.) ---> evimden (from my home)

 

Tabakları evimden getirdim. (I brought the plates from my home)

 

köy + niz(pos.) + i(acc.) ----> köyünüzü (your village (accusative))

 

Köyünüzü çok mu özlediniz? (Did you miss your village very much?)

 

yan (nearside, beside)

yan + n(pos.) + da(loc.) + ız (pers. of 1st plu.) --> yanındayız (we are beside you) (direct: we are at your nearside)

 

arka (backside, back, behinde)

arka + m(pos.) + da(loc.)  mı + sın(pers. of 2nd sng.) -->

arkamda mısın? (are you behind me?) (direct: are you at my backside?)

 

ön (frontside, front)

ön + miz (pos.) + de(loc.) değil+siniz(pers. of 2nd plur.)->

önümüzde değilsiniz=you aren´t in front of us.

 

arka + n(pos.) + e(dat.) --> arkana (to your backside)

Hemen arkana bakmalısın. = You should look behind immadiately. (direct: ...look at your backside ...)

 

oda + lar(plu.) + miz (pos.) + de (loc.) + iz (pers. of 1st plu.) ---> odalarımızdayız (we are in our rooms.)

(could you notice the order of the suffixes?)

Hepimiz odalarımızdayız. (All of us are in our rooms)

 

dede + miz(pos.) + in(genitive) ---> dedemizin (of our grandfather)

 

O ev dedemizindi. (That house was our grandfather´s one)

 

çok (1very, 2much, many, 3too)

çok + miz(pos.) --> çoğumuz (most of us)

çok + niz(pos.) --->çoğunuz (most of you)

çok + i(pos.) ----->çoğu (most of them)

 

Çoğu öğrenci sınavda benzer notlar aldı. (Most of students have taken similiar notes at the exam.)

 

Çoğumuz hasta/hastayız. (Most of us are sick.)

 

Haberi çoğu yalanladı. (Most of them denied the news.)

 

I´m going to teach a different conjugation. This type is used in spoken language much more.

 

benim araba

senin araba

bizim araba

sizin araba

 

It is the same "onun arabası, onların arabası". By another expression: The possessive suffixes are still being used for third people -both of singular and plural ones-.

In this situation, you must use the personal pronouns of the first and second singulars and plurals.

 

kitap (book)

Senin kitap bende. (Your book is at me.) [senin kitap: colloquial expression)

Senin kitabın bende. [ordinary expression]

ben + de(loc.)

 

 

oğlan (boy, son)

Bizim oğlanlar bugün çok uyudu. (Our sons  have slept today very much.)

Bizim oğlanlarımız bugün çok uyudu. [the sentence above sounds more ordinarily. you can always use "oğlanlar" in this situation]

 

köy + den (abl.)

Hasan (a boy name)

Hasan bizim köyden. (Hasan is from our village) [colloquial expression]

Hasan bizim köyümüzden. [ordinary expression]

 

Grammatically it is possible to say "senin anne (your mother)", "bizim baba (our father)", "benim dede (my grandfather)" etc. But this type is very odd to hear for the family members who are older than you. It can be used for "oğlan (son, boy)", "kız (girl, daughter)", "karı, hanım (wife)", "koca (husband)".

 

sınav (exam)

Sizin sınav ne zaman? (When is your exam?)  [colloquial version]

Sizin sınavınız ne zaman? [normal version]


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