Personal Pronouns Here are the Turkish translations of the personal pronouns. However, these pronouns are generally omitted in sentences since person is implied in the adjectives or the verbs in sentences. They are often used to stress the person. | i | ben | i am adjective | ben adjective-im | | you | sen | you are adjective | sen adjective-sin | | he she it | o | he \ she | is adjective it / | o adjective | | we | biz | we are adjective | biz adjective-iz | | you | siz | you are adjective | siz adjective-siniz | | they | onlar | they are adjective | onlar adjective-ler | güzel --> beautiful I am beautiful. --> Ben güzel-im. --> Güzelim. (Personal pronoun is implied) You are beautiful. --> Sen güzel-sin. --> Güzelsin. He/she/it is beautiful. --> O güzel. --> Güzel. We are beautiful. --> Biz güzel-iz. --> Güzeliz. You are beautiful. --> Siz güzel-siniz. --> Güzelsiniz. They are beautiful. --> Onlar güzel-ler. --> Güzeller. kötü --> bad I am bad. --> Ben kötü-y-üm. --> Kötüyüm. (Note how kötü and -üm are connected with the fusion consonant 'y'.) You are bad. --> Sen kötü-sün. --> Kötüsün. He/she/it is bad. --> O kötü. --> Kötü. We are bad. --> Biz kötü-y-üz. --> Kötüyüz. You are bad. --> Siz kötü-siniz. --> Kötüsünüz. They are bad. --> Onlar kötü-ler. --> Kötüler. geliyor --> coming (present continuous tense) I am coming. --> Ben geliyor-um. --> Geliyorum. You are coming. --> Sen geliyor-sun. --> Geliyorsun. He/she/it is coming. --> O geliyor. --> Geliyor. We are coming. --> Biz geliyor-uz. --> Geliyoruz. You are coming. --> Siz geliyor-sunuz. --> Geliyorsunuz. They are coming. --> Onlar geliyor-lar. --> Geliyorlar. For nouns other than these pronouns, you must use the third person case. Marzena is beautiful. --> Marzena güzel. Marzena is very beautiful. --> Marzena çok güzel. Joe is bad. --> Joe kötü. Joe is coming. --> Joe geliyor. Demonstrative pronouns These are the pronouns used for obects instead of people. | this | bu | | that (between this and that) | şu | | that | o | | these | bunlar | | those (between these and those) | şunlar | | those | onlar | kitap --> book Bu bir kitap. --> This is a book. Şu bir kitap. --> That is a book. O bir kitap. --> That is a book. Bunlar kitaplar. --> These are books. Şunlar kitaplar. --> Those are books. Onlar kitaplar. --> Those are books. Possessive Pronouns Personal posessive pronouns: | my | ben-im | my noun | ben-im noun-im | | your | sen-in | your noun | sen-in noun-in | | his her its | o-n-un | his \ her | noun its / | o-n-un noun-i | | our | biz-im | our noun | biz-im noun-imiz | | your | siz-in | your noun | siz-in noun-iniz | | their | onlar-ın | their noun | onlar-ın noun-leri | Notice his/her/its is o-n-un instead of o-un. Since two vowels don't come together in Turkish, one fusion consonant is added in between. It is 'n' in this case. Either a fusion consonant is added in between, or one of the vowels is dropped whenever a vowel is followed by another vowel. Which technique must be used changes among different rules, but it is consistent in a single rule. This will be mentioned in different lessons when necessary. ev --> house my house --> ben-im ev-im --> evim (personal pronoun is implied) your house --> sen-in ev-in --> evin his/her/its house --> o-n-in ev-i --> onun evi --> evi our house --> biz-im ev-imiz --> evimiz your house --> siz-in ev-iniz --> eviniz their house --> onlar-ın ev-leri --> evleri araba --> car my car --> ben-im araba-m --> arabam (the suffix -im becomes -m when added after a vowel, since two vowels don't come together in Turkish) your car --> sen-in araba-n --> araban his/her/its car --> o-n-in araba-s-ı --> onun arabası --> arabası (Instead of dropping one vowel, here the fusion consonant 's' is added between vowels since the suffix is only a single vowel.) our car --> biz-im araba-mız --> arabamız your car --> siz-in araba-nız --> arabanız their car --> onlar-ın araba-ları --> arabaları For nouns other than these pronouns, always the third person form is used. Gizem's house --> Gizem'in evi Gizem's car --> Gizem'in arabası My mother's house --> Annemin evi Demonstartive posessive pronouns: | of this | bu-n-un | | of that (between this and that) | şu-n-un | | of that | o-n-un | | of these | bunlar-ın | | of those (between these and those) | şunlar-ın | | of those | onlar-ın | Bunun evi --> The house of this Şunun evi --> The house of that Onun evi --> The house of that Bunların evleri --> The house of these. Şunların evleri --> The house of those. Onların evleri --> The house of those. For nouns other than these pronouns, always the third person form is used. The room of the house --> Evin odası Cat's food --> Kedinin yemeği Reflexive Pronouns The way reflexive pronouns are constructed in Turkish is very similar to the way we do it in English. The Turkish word for self is kendi. The reflexive pronouns hence are as follows: | myself | kendi-im | kendim | | yourself | kendi-in | kendin | | himself herself itself | kendi-si | kendisi | | ourselves | kendi-imiz | kendimiz | | yourselves | kendi-iniz | kendiniz | | themselves | kendi-leri | kendileri | | 
