A salad, please.

salata lütfen

A waiter would understand this, but I think

bir salata lütfen would be more correct

bir çoban salatası lütfen (a/one shepherd´s salad please)

This salad and Antep ezme salatası are my favourite ones in Turkey

Salataları seviyorum (I love salads) 

I think the very simple "hesap lütfen" is commonly used.

I think "buyurun", and often followed by saying "afiyet olsun" is what I have heard.  

PS Buyurun is said very quickly and sounds like "buy-run" when I hear it.

See this link "all about buyurun"

"This is on me" (this will go on my account/on my bill) means "I will pay"

ısmarlayacağım  or hesabı ödeyeceğim

other ways of saying this in English are

- my shout

- I will shout you

- my treat

- I will treat you

In a restaurant or any food place, most people keep the language simple.

Ben de (me too, me also) conveys the same meaning.

Aynını istiyorum (I want the same)

 and also said some other ways ;

Benimki de aynısı olsun.

Ben de aynısından alıyım.

Ben de aynından istiyorum.

Aynısından alıyım.

Aynısı olsun.

Evet,you are right if it was in Present Progressive Tense. Because it is in Past tense ,we can translate it as  ;

Sanırım bir hata yaptın[ız].

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If you are in a restaurant and you object the bill that is given to you, then you can just say;

Sanırım hesapta bir hata var. ---> I think , there is a mistake in the bill.

Please bring me the bill (AE: check) with my coffee.

Faturya getir bana kahvayla lütfen

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Nifritty, using the order form of the verb "getir"  to adress to the waiter would be rude.

you should use polite forms like ; "getirir misiniz" , " getirebilir misiniz ? "

Kahvemle birlikte hesabı getirir misiniz [getirebilir misiniz]?    OR ;

Kahvemle birlikte hesabı alabilir miyim ? ---> Can I have the bill with my coffee.

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note : the bill = hesap  [in the cafe"s , restaurants.....]

         the invoice = fatura

         the receipt = makbuz, fiş

Could I have chips (AE: French Fries) instead of salad?

cips yerine salataya sahip olabilir miyim?

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In Turkish we use two words for chips ; 1. Patates kızartması  2. Cips [ Adaptation form of English word "chips"] I prefer the first one " Patates Kızartması "

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well done, that you got that form "yerine" but one problem is that you used the lexical meaning of "sahip olmak" , usually we dont use it like that. Instead, we say just "alabilir miyim ? "

Salata yerine Patates kızartması alabilir miyim ?

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Clue ;  When you translate something from English to Turkish, Try to start translating from the end.

I want to go to school.

1. school --> okul

2. to school --> okula

3. go to ---> gitmek

4. I want --> Istiyorum

Okula gitmek istiyorum.

This doesnt work like this all the time. But most of the time it works..

Nifrtity, you are making small mistakes with vowel harmony and spelling.

I think for most questions, unless you know the person well, use "siniz".

Ne tavsiye edersiniz? = What would you recommend?

Neyi önersiniz? = What would you suggest?

(Ne tavsiye edebilirsiniz? = What can you recommend?)

I think the last sentence (in brackets) is not used as much in English.