"AS"

Usages of "as" ;

English "as" has mainly five meanings in Turkish.

gibi, kadar, olarak, iken, için

gibi

Bildiğin gibi, yarın o bize gelecek.

As you know, he/she will come to us tomorrow.

Bildiğiniz gibi, biz fakir bir aileyiz.

As you [plural] know, we are a poor family.

Her zamanki gibi geç kaldılar.

They are late as usual.

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kadar

Ali göründüğü kadar genç değil.

Ali is not as young as he looks.

Buraya mümkün olduğu kadar çabuk gel.

Come here as soon as possible.

Onun kadar çok çalışırsan başarılı olabilirsin.

You can be successful if you study as hard as she does.

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Olarak

Bir okulda öğretmen olarak çalışıyorum.

I am working in a school as a teacher.

Bu binayı misafirhane olarak kullanıyorlar.

They are using this building as a guesthouse.

Türkçeyi ikinci bir dil olarak öğrenebilirsin.

You can learn Turkish as a second language.

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iken [ -ken , attached form]

Otobüse binerken bize el salladı.

She waved at us as she was getting on the bus.

[Biz] dışarı çıkarken kar yağmaya başladı.

As we were going out, it started to snow.

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için

Çok ders çalıştığı için tatili haketti.

As he/she studied hard, he/she deserved to have an holiday.

Yarın haftasonu olduğu için bütün bankalar kapalı.

As it is weekend tomorrow, all banks will be closed.

.....sA  iyi  olur   -  I,you,he,she,it,we,you [pl],they´d better

Verb stem + se[sa]  + personal suffix +  iyi olur

Gel  +  se  +  m     +  iyi   olur  ===>  Gelsem iyi olur  ===> I´d better  come.

Gel  + se +    n      + iyi  olur    ===> Gelsen iyi olur  ====> You´d better  come.

Gel  + se              +  iyi  olur    ===>Gelse iyi olur ====> He/She/it ´d better come.

Gel  + se  +   k      + iyi  olur    ====> Gelsek iyi olur ===> We´d better come.

Gel  + se +  niz      + iyi olur     ====> Gelseniz iyi olur ==> You[all]´d better  come.

Gel  + se + ler        + iyi olur    ====> Gelseler iyi olur  ===> They´d better  come.

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Türkçe öğrensen iyi olur  ===> You´d better  learn Turkish.

Buradan ayrılmasanız iyi olur  ===> You´d better not leave here.

Zili çalsak iyi olur  ----> We´d better ring the bell.

- e [a]  kıyasla    ----> in regard  to ,   compared with

Fethiye´ye  kıyasla,  Marmaris daha eğlenceli bir yerdir.

Compared with Fethiye, Marmaris is more fun place.

Arapçaya kıyasla  Türkçe daha kolay.

Compared with Arabic, Turkish is easier.

Yürümeye kıyasla, bisiklet sürmek daha iyidir.

Compared with walking, biking is better.

Using Question Marking -mI  as conditional element.

-mI  can be used in a conditional statement instead of ´if´ .

Param oldu mu ev alacağım.

If I ever have money I will buy a house.

As buying a house is depend on the condition of my having money. It makes it kind of  ´if´ clause.

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Çok çalıştı[n]  mı başarırsın.

You would [will] achieve if you work hard.

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so the rough formula would be ;

Verb stem + past tense marking [dI] + mI +  second sentence.

   Conditional clause with -mI            +    main clause

- adurmak [edurmak] 

When this element is attached onto the verb stem , the verb gains the meaning of continuing. [keep,carry on]

Verb stem + adur [edur] + personal suffix

Siz git + edurun  = You carry on going.

Siz gidedurun , ben birazdan size yetişirim.

You carry on going, I will catch you in a while.

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Siz yiyedurun ben markete gidip bir şeyler alacağım.

You carry on eating, I will go to the supermarket to get something.

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Narrative form of -Meli [Malı]

we use this narrative form of -meli to narrate [report] actions [ that we should or must do or not do] to someone else.

Verb stem  +  meli [malı] + y + mış, miş + Personal suffix

Ayşe´ye göre, ona daha çok ilgi göstermeliymişim.

According to Ayşe, I should [must] show more care for her.

Ayşe told me that I should [must] show more care for her.

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Ona hiç bu konudan bahsetmemeliymişim.

[ According to him] I should not [must not] tell him about this [issue] at all.

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INTERROGATIVE  CLAUSES

1. YES/NO questions ;

a. Normal yes/no questions ;

 This type of  interrogative clause is formed by putting question marking -mI in the end.

Türkiye´yi seviyor musun ?

Buraya geliyor mu ?

b. Yes/no questions that need conformation ;

This type of  interrogative clause is formed by putting negative marking ´değil´ and mi "değil mi ´ or conformation marking ´öyle mi ´

Bugün geliyorsun , değil mi ?  ---> You are coming today , arent you ?

Yarın Ankara´ya gidiyorsun , öyle mi ? ---> You are going to Ankara tomorrow, arent you ?

2. Question forms with choices ;

The answers to this type of questions do not contain "yes or no".

2.a. Questions with choices in predicates ;

Nevin ile konuştun mu konuşmadın mı ?

Did you talk to Nevin or not ?

As we see, there are two choices in the question. [talked or did not talk]

Selim genç mi yaşlı mı ?

Is Selim young or old ?

2.b Questions with choices in subject ;

Burak mı Hüseyin  mi geldi ?

Did Burak or Hüseyin come ?

2.c. Questions with choices in object ;

Çocuk bardağı mı tabağı mı kırdı ?

Did the child break glass or plate ?

3. Questions with stress.

These type of questions are formed by just stressing the word [by rising sound at the end of the word]. In conformations and suprising statements.

Geliyorsun ?

You coming ?

Okuyorsun ?

You are reading ?

4. Questions with subclause clauses;

Ali neyi gördüğünü   söyledi ?

  Subclause           Main Clause

What did Ali said he saw ?

You explained gidedurmak, thank you. What I can´t really understand is gidivermek...

Any idea what "gideyazmak" might mean ?

Note: some people in this panel once claimed that there was no such form of expression in Turkish. I assure you all,  that they were absolutely wrong.

Oraya gittim I went there.

Oraya gidiverdim I went there (quickly, easily, as a favor to others, no thanks necessary)

I hope you can see what "gidiverdim" hides,  in addition to plain act of "going"

Who said there is no such form ? Of course there is such form of expression in Turkish. Then I suggest those people to study some Turkish grammar instead of "işkembeden atmak".

This form of compound verb is one of the type of  Tasvir Fiilleri (verbe descriptif). And it is called " Yaklaşık fiiller (verbe approximatif).

Verb stem + A + yazmak

And it gives the meaning of "closeness " , I mean the action was so close to happen. The action was almost going to happen but it didnt.

“İşe giderken yolda düşeyazdım.”  --->  I was almost gonna fall on the way to my work.

Tasvir fiilleri (verbe descriptif) are mainly seen in 4 forms ;

1. Yeterlik fiilleri (verbe possibilitif) (yapabil-)

2. İvedilik fiilleri (verbe hatif) [alıver]

3. Sürek fiilleri (verbe duratif) (yürüyedur-]

4.Yaklaşık fiiller (verbe approximatif) (öleyaz-]

Ok, combinations with bilmek, durmak, vermek...

...but yazmak?

Does it come from here:

                           9. nsz İnsanın geleceğini belirlemek
                           "Yazan böyle yazmış." (GTS) ?

Possible, but as far as I know the verb "yazmak" lost its original meaning and it described the main verb in the meaning of "almost".

I wouldnt worry about it too much as it is an old form in Turkish and people in daily life dont use it. [or very rarely] However it is still a form in Turkish grammar that is good to know.

Thank you Tunci for your detailed explanations. I have two questions about examples you have given:

1. HAD BETTER TO...

Gel  +  se  +  m     +  iyi   olur  ===>  Gelsem iyi olur  ===> I´d better to come.

This is actually also a question to English speakers

a. According to the article below, "I´d better..." also conveys a meaning that "if I don´t do it then something bad may/will happen". Is this true for this construction in English?

http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/hadbetter/menu.php

b. If so, does Turkish "Gelsem iyi olur" contain the same suggestion? Or simply "it will be good if I come, but nothing wrong happens if I don´t come". Or maybe both, depending on context?

2. NARRATIVE FORM OF -MELI (-MALI)

Ona hiç bu konudan bahsetmemeliymişim.
[ According to him] I should not [must not] tell him about this [issue] at all.


Is this necessarilly "according to him/her", or is it more like "according to someone" / "apparently I should not..." / "people say that I should not..." / "it is said that I should not..." ? I mean - is the "source" of this opinion the same person as one to whom I should not tell something, or not necessarilly?

Tomac, You have  always spot on questions. !

1. In Turkish point of view, as you said it is depending on context. However it is more like " It is better I do it otherwise [if I dont do it];

# something unpleasent will or might happen

# I wont gain any benefit

# i will be late [to somewhere]

# the other person will not gain benefit if I dont  come

in other words " my coming will bring goodness to me or to someone else".

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2. second question;

it is not necessarilly "according to him/her".

as in your examples ; People say that I should  be more generous. --> Millete göre, [ben] daha cömert olmalıymışım.

or ;

it is said that I should  be more generous.

Daha cömert olmalıymışım.

Is "Diye" have the same meaning of as or not ?

thanks in advance

"diye" is a particle [Originally an adverb derived from the verb "demek" ]

can mean ;

1. "called","named"

Geçen yaz Alaçatı diye bir yere gittim.

I went a place called ´Alaçatı´ last year.

2. ´in order to ´, ´so that´

Doktor olasın diye seni tıp fakültesine gönderdim.

I sent you the medical school in order to become a doctor.

I sent you the medical school so that you become a doctor.

3. ´in case´

Yanlış yöne dönersin diye senin yanında oturuyorum.

I am sitting beside you in case you might turn the wrong direction.

Thanks so much

"gittikçe"  [gradually, more and more, increasingly]

This adverb that is derived from the verb "gitmek" , functions as gradually, more and more.

- Sağlık durumu gittikçe kötüleşiyor.

His /Her health is gradually getting worse.

- Gittikçe Türkçe´yi sevmeye başladı.

He/She gradually started to like Turkish.

- Göldeki su gittikçe azalıyor.

  The water in the lake is getting more and more less.

- Gittikçe seni daha çok seviyorum.

I love [like] you more and more [as time passes]

Exclamatory Word  "Sakın"  ;

This word has the meaning of  warning someone not to do something ; It is exclamation of fear , Mind !, never! , beware ! , dont dare !, avoid doing it !

It is derived from the verb "sakınmak - to avoid !"

Sakın hamileyken sigara içme. [ NEVER ]

Never smoke while you are pregnant.

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Sakın ellerin yaşken ampülü değiştirme.

Never change the bulb when your hands are wet. [ NEVER ]

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Yarın hava çok soğuk olacak. Sakın dışarı çıkma.  [ MIND ]

Mind ! , Dont go out tomorrow as it is going to be very cold.

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Sakın bana bir daha vurma ! [ DO NOT DARE ]

Don´t you hit me again ! [ Don´t you dare  hitting me again ! ]

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Sakın ha !! [ DON´T YOU DARE  !]

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Sentences with ´Bak´ ;

This verb can function in different ways with sentences.

Bakıyorum [da] bugünlerde keyfin yerinde.

I see [I noticed] that you are in a good mood nowadays.

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Zenginliğine güvenme, bir bakarsın herşeyini kaybetmiş, beş parasız kalmışsın.

Don´t trust in your wealth,  who knows, one day you might fınd yourself in a situation that you lost everything you have and left peniless.

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Bir baktık ki sabah olmuş.

Suddenly we realized that the day turned into morning. [the morning came]

[the day turned into morning without us noticing it ]

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Baktı  bu işi beceremeyecek istifa etti.

When he noticed that he won´t be able to manage this job, he resigned.

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Sen kendi işine bak !

You mind your own business !

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Baktım O , hatalarından ders almayacak, kendi haline bıraktım.

Since I am convinced that he/she won´t take lesson from his/her mistakes I left him/her on his/her own.

Dear Tunci,

 I´d better to come. - Isn´t that sentence should read as I´d better come.

not not to come.

You are right Interactions. That sentence should be without "to". Thank you.