i heard that special mortar was prepared by mixing eggs, especially ostrich egg to the mortar in historic buildings which makes the mortar extremely strong. also no spider makes any web when ostrich egg added to the mortar.

Dome

Interior of the Hagia Sophia by John Singer Sargent, 1891

The dome of Hagia Sophia is carried on four concave triangular pendentives, a form which was first fully realized in this building. The pendentives serve to transition from the circular base of the dome to the rectangular base below.  These were reinforced with buttresses during Ottoman times, under the guidance of the architect Mimar Sinan. The weight of the dome remained a problem for most of the building´s existence. The original dome collapsed entirely in 558; in 563 a new dome was built which included ribbing and was slightly taller than the original. Larger section of the second dome collapsed as well, in two portions. The present dome consists of two sections at the north and south that date from the 562 reconstruction. The north section covers an area of 8 ribs of the whole dome’s 40, while the south section includes 6 ribs. 

The dome has spurred particular interest for many art historians, architects and engineers because of the innovative way the original architects envisioned the dome. The dome is supported by pendentives, which not only restrain the lateral forces of the dome and allow its weight to flow downwards, but also achieve a pleasing aesthetic quality by enabling the dome to transition gracefully into the square shape of the space below.

The face of one of the seraphim in the upper left corner, once covered during the Fossati Brothers restoration, is visible again.

Although this design stabilizes the dome and the surrounding walls and arches, the actual construction of the walls of Hagia Sophia weakened the overall structure. The bricklayers used more mortar than brick, which weakened the walls. The structure would have been more stable if the builders at least let the mortar cure before they began the next layer; however, they did not do this. When the dome was placed atop the building, the weight of the dome caused the walls to lean outward because of the wet mortar underneath. When Isidorus the Younger rebuilt the original dome, he had to first build up the interior of the walls so that they were vertical in order to support the weight of the new dome. Additionally, Isidore the Younger raised the height of the rebuilt dome by approximately six metres so that the lateral forces would not be as strong and the weight of the dome would flow more easily down into the walls.

Another interesting fact about the original structure of the dome was how the architects were able to place forty windows around the base of the dome. Hagia Sophia is famous for the mystical quality of light that reflects everywhere in the interior of the nave, which gives the dome the appearance of hovering above the nave. This design is possible because the dome is shaped like a scalloped shell or the inside of an umbrella with ribs that extend from the top of the dome down to the base. These ribs allow the weight of the dome to flow between the windows, down the pendentives, and ultimately to the foundation.

The unique character of the design of Hagia Sophia shows how this structure is one of the most advanced and ambitious monuments of late antiquity.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagia_Sophia

AYASOFYA´NIN KUBBESİ

Yusuf b. Abdullâh´ın Tevârih-i Âl-i Osman´ında şöyle yazılıdır:

Muhammed Mustafa (s.a.v.) dünyaya geldiğinde Medâyin´de Nuşirevan-ı Âdil´in tâk-i kisrası (köşkünün kubbesi) zelzeleden aşağıya göçtü. Acem vilayetinde ateşperestlerin ateşi söndü. Ayasofya´nın kubbesi çatladı. İmparator o kubbeyi tekrar yaptırdı ve her yaptırışında yıkıldı. Neticede âciz kaldılar ve râhipler ittifak edip imparatora gelerek durumu anlattılar: ´Arap diyârında bir Peygamber zuhur etmiştir,adı Muhammed´dir, onun dünyaya gelmesiyle bu kubbe yıkılmıştır, derman ancak ondan gelir´ dediler.

İmparator Herakliyus hemen itibarlı bir elçiyi hediyelerle Peygamberimiz Hz. Muhammed´e (s.a.v.) gönderdi. Elçi mektupla varıp durumu bildirdi. Muhammed Mustafa (s.a.v.) ağız suyunu alıp güzel bir taşa sürdü ve elçiye verdi: "BU TAŞI KUBBEYE KOYUNUZ" buyurdu. Elçi de taşı Herakliyus´a götürdü. Herakliyus taşı bina ustalarına verdi, onlar da kubbeyi yeni baştan inşa ederken bu taşı kubbeye yerleştirdiler. Kubbe bir daha yıkılmadı.

haghia sophia was repaired by the great architech mimar sinan. the minarets added to four corners. they are not just only minarets but also makes the building stronger for eartquakes and collapsing. historical records tells that the dome of haghia sophia was collapsed more than one time in the history.

Balaibalan (Turkish: Bâleybelen) is a constructed language that probably originated from the 14th century mystic Fadl Allah from Asterabad or else his followers in the 15th century.^[1] The language is also known as Balibilen, Bala-i-Balan and Balaïbalan. The only known copy of the Bâleybelen-dictionary is to be found in the Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris.

Bâleybelen is an a posteriori constructed language. The vocabulary is borrowed from Persian, Turkish and Arabic, while the grammar is agglutinating like Turkish.^[1] The language was written with the Ottoman variant of the Arabic alphabet. The creator was the mystic Muhyî-i Gülşenî, born in Edirne to family originally from Shiraz. A member of the Gülşenî sufi order in Cairo, Mehmed Muhyî-i was helped in the creation of Bâleybelen by several other Gülşenî figures.

In contrast to the best-known modern constructed languages, which are usually meant to be used by as many as possible as international auxiliary languages, or used in literature or film, Bâleybelen was probably designed as a holy or poetic language for religious reasons (like Lingua Ignota and perhaps Damin). Bâleybelen may also have been a secret language which was only known by an inner circle.

It was speculated that each time God gave humans a new revelation, a new language was used. Abraham received his revelation in Hebrew, Jesus his in Aramaic and Muhammad his in Arabic. Consequently, Bâleybelen might have been considered a sign that a new religious revelation was imminent.

Bâleybelen is the only well-documented early constructed language that is not of European origin, and it is independent of the fashion for language construction that occurred in the Renaissance.

The existence of Bâleybelen shows that constructed languages are neither a modern nor an exclusively western phenomenon. Constructed languages for religious purposes or use by secret societies have probably arisen many times all over the world, since the earliest times.

Research in non-European historical archives, analyses of shamanistic languages and other languages used for religious purposes, might lead to finding many more specimens than are known today.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balaibalan

Bâleybelen (dilsizlere dil veren), Muhyi-i Gülşeni (1528-1604) tarafından itikadî bilgileri avamdan sakınıp sırlamak ve Osmanlı´da ortak kültür dili yaratmak üzere 1574´de kurgulanan dünyadaki ilk yapay dil.

Muhyî, Bâleybelen ile 200 eser yazar. Öğrencileri Bâleybelen´i devam ettirmeye çalışır, ancak neredeyse Muhyî´nin ölümüyle bu dil de kullanılmaz olur. Günümüze bu dille yazılan eserlerden pek azı gelebilmiştir.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balibilen

"ise" becomes -sa, -se when connceted to a word, may be written seperately. meaning "if" in english.

gelirsem: gelir isem

yaparsam: yapar isem.

okursa: okur ise.

yazarsan: yazar isen

similarly "ile" becomes -la, -le meaning "and" or "with"

other possible translations:

sen farkına varmadan orada olacağım.

sen farkına varmadan orada olurum.

turkish way of famous american expression, fu*k it, or fu*k you, ...

daha ucuz birşey istiyorum.

Ekmek neden yok ? why

Neden ekmek yok ? bread

general rule, emphasis is on the closest word to the verb.