gereklik kipi ---->  necessitative  

- meli ,  - malı -----> it is like "must" , " should"

Gitmeliyim ---> I must go.

Git + meli + y + im

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Bir kitap yazmalısın ---> You should write a book.

Yaz + malı + sın

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gerçek özne --->  logical subject  

In the sentences with passive verbs if the subject  is not obvious then it  can be found by following the logic. Such as ;

 Bu sahada bugün maç yapılmadı ---> On this pitch no match has performed today.

 In the sentence above the subject is hidden but we can find it by following logic.

 On this pitch no match performed [by footballers] today.

 Match has to perform by footballers [ thinking the football as it is most common sport in Turkey].

 So logical subject here is footballers.

geniş ünlü---->  wide vowel

a,e,o,ö

 Good question.

In Turkish, the verb "korkmak [to be afraid] " requests Ablativ case: -den,-dan, -ten,-tan
; Examples ;

- Benden korkuyorsun --> You are afraid of me.

- Yaşlanmaktan korkuyor --> He/She is afraid of getting older.

  Yaşlanmak = to age, to get older.

  ****************************************************

Therefore the correct translation is the one in your book which is ;

 Hasta olmaktan korkmaz mısınız?

 Hasta olmak = to be sick, to get sick, to become sick.

 Hasta olmaktan korkmaz mısınız ?

 olmak + dan [ " d " changes into "t" ]

 Senin suçun değil Gabriela. It´s quite normal for learners to confuse in that word because of dots. Carry on translating. We all make small mistakes when learning a new language.

 " Paranın ve İmanın kimde olduğu bilinmez " diye meşhur bir Türk deyişi vardır. Vesselam

  voyn ???    I am turkish and I never heard that word before.

 Doğru [ Correct ]

Evet, Allah kabul etsin kardeşim. Darısı Scalpel´in başına.

Good translations guys..i just wanna clarify the phrase ;

in turkish script there is typo in " başın sağolsun "

its a phrase that is said to someone who loses his/her relatives/friends.

Literarlly ;

baş = head

başın = your head

sağ = alive

olsun = let it be, may it be

so that would be [lit] ---> May your head be alive. [ May you be alive]

that means " My condolences to you "

 " Eğer kaba göründüysem lütfen kusuruma bakma ama ben sadece Türkçe öğrenmek için buradayım, erkek arkadaşı bulmak için değil."