Do you know the members of the sentence in Turkish? For example, how do you get that something is the "Subject" of the sentence? Or how do you understand that the word in the sentence is the "verb"?

Here is a practical chance to you to get them. I don't know exactly how to teach them but I think the feeling would be nice after you get the members of the sentences.

In this practice, we will try to get the members of the sentences. I (or anyone) will write a sentence and we (anyone wants to try) will try to analyze the members of the sentence.

First, let me give an example;
Annem bugün çok güzel bir yemek hazırladı

1. In my humble opinion, first find the verb:
hazırladı

2. Then, try to find the subject (the active member, the "doer" of the sentence): hazırladı > hazırla-mak > hazırla-dı: (prepared)
It looks like 3rd singular: o, but is that clear or a hidden pronoun?:
"Annem" That is the subject.

3. And the complementaries are the rest;
- bugün :today (shows the time)
- çok güzel bir yemek: a very nice meal

And now you are the next;
Bir arkadaşımı arabayla Ankara'dan İstanbul'a götürdüm

Kolay gelsin

Does it mean-


I took my friend from Ankara to Istanbul by car.
Or
I accompanied (went with) my friend from Ankara to Istanbul by car?

götürmek can have both meanings so I wasn't sure.
And what is the function or 'bir' in the sentence?

Is there a difference in Turkish between 'one of my friends' and 'a friend of mine'as in 'I took one of my friends' or I took a friend of mine'

Well... So what are the members of the sentence?

I think
1. the verb is " götürdüm"
2. the active member is me "ben"
i hope this is correct

1. Götürmek is the verb

2. Ben is the subject ´özne´

Doğru mu ?

Btw,İsim and Fiil has another name in sentence structure in Turkish,something starting with y i guess,do you know what is it ?

isim : noun

fiil: verb

yüklem : predicate

The subject and predicate are the main two components of sentences. The reason why we prefer to call it predicate is because in Turkish the predicate doesn´t have to be a verb. It can be a noun or adjective. 

Example.

Ben okula gidiyorum. > verb sentence. The predicate is ´gidiyorum´.

Ben öğrenciyim. > noun sentence. The predicate is ´öğrenciyim´. 

In the last sentence öğrenciyim has a suffix. It has the -im suffix. Some people have argued that this -im corresponds to "to be" in English. This is not correct. The -im in öğrenciyim is a personal suffix. In fact it is the same personal suffix we see in gidiyorum. Noun sentences share the same personal suffixes with present continuous tense and future tense.

Smillarly, we would say,  "Sen okula gidiyor musun?" and "Sen öğrenci misin?".

 As i understand,the sentence consist of,

Özne,nesne,yüklem

İ also understand that the sentence can have more than more one object ´nesne´,yes ?

How,and when ?

This is the same in English:

Predicate:

A simple sentence can be divided into two parts; the subject and the predicate, which is the verb and any complement of the verb, which can include the object, adverbial,etc..

Subject Predicate:eg  She laughed.  She wrote a book.

 here,

The second object,does it also take the accusative case ?

That means,the transitive verbs applies to more than 2 object   ?

Canlı, I didn´t understand your question. Can you write down the sentence or sentences you are asking about?

Subject and predicate are two of the main components of sentences but the third (and last) component is called tümleç (complement). I´m not sure if there is a better translation for tümleç. Tümleç consists of four different elements. The object is only one of them. Besides this is only true for verb sentences. In noun sentences there is no object at all.

I see that you are trying to understand the accusative case. I´m not sure if sentence components are a good way for this. Sentence components are too complicated in Turkish.

This for example is part of text ´reading´ we have,teacher said its better if we practice how to define ö,n,y of the sentences in this level ´even its not required from us´ so,it will be more easier in the advanced level.

And he said that,note that the sentence may contain more than one nesne ´object´ !

İ can define y and n ´a bit easy´ and strugle my way to define the object ´nesne´ but the second object,i fail to get it or understand how can the sentence contains 2 object.

How can a verb apply to more than 1 thing at same time ?

You can put a comma or any conjunction between objects. So at the end you will have an object phrase with multiple objects. For instance you could say, "I have seen Ayşe and Ahmet". "Ayşe and Ahmet" will be the object phrase. A verb might apply to more than one item. 

The sentence below has five components. Can you identify three of them (predicate, subject, object) ? 

"İnsanlar arasındaki iletisimde, hem sözlü hem de sözsüz mesajları aynı anda kullanırız."

1-özne, isim, zamir, nesne : subject, noun, prenoun, object

2-fiil, yüklem : verb, predicate

3-tümleç : complement

Ben  Shanghai´ ya gittim ( I went to Shanghai- China- ).

1-Ben = subject, noun, prenoun, object .... ( I )

3-Shanghai´ ya : complement...  (to Shanghai)

2-gittim : verb, predicate ,,,( go - went - gone )...- to go = gitmek- ... ( went )

...first step to Turkish grammar...

 Özne :biz/insanlar

Yüklem:Kullanmak

Nesne:sözlü /sözsüz mesajları

Those are 2 objects,like Ayşa and Ahmet,yes ?

İf those were right,then what is the last component?

 Özne : Ben

Yüklem : Gitmek

And shanghai ?

Btw,is it called this way in Turkish ?

Canlı, I knew you would ask about the other components. This is why I suggested this topic is too complicated. I can´t even find an English term for one of the main components. Besides many verb sentences don´t have any object at all. Also all noun sentences exclude objects. I don´t think this is a verb useful topic for learners.  

The subject is biz. It is not insanlar. Biz is hidden subject (or dropped subject) here. 

"hem sözlü hem de sözsüz mesajları" is the object phrase. You take the whole phrase as object. 

 "aynı anda" is called "zarf tümleci" which means adverbial complement. Or just adverb.  There is another part at the beginning "insanlar arası iletişimde". This component is called dolaylı tümleç (indirect complement). A modern term is yer/yön tümleci (location/direction complement).

In short a Turkish sentence has three components:

1. the predicate (this can be a verb in verb sentences or a noun or adjective in noun sentences.)

2. the subject (this can be a hidden subject since we like to drop them)

3. the complement. This consists of four components : the object, the adverb, the location/direction indicator and the particles.  

Then i wouldnt be the stupid one if i couldnt define all sentences parts in my level !

But then if the verb can have 2 objects,and both of them maybe in the accusative case,yes ?

then both of them can take the I suffix ?

Ps: can you say what are the four components of the the complement in Turkish ´Türkçede´ ?

There are some words of the grammars rules same as we have in arabic like ´zarf´ for example we call/use it same so it would be a bit easier for me to have an idea what they are about.

Thank you.

Of course:

tümleç:

1. nesne

2. dolaylı tümleç  (yer/yön tümleci)

3. zarf tümleci

4. edat tümleci

complement:

1. object

2. indirect complement (location/direction complement)

3. adverbial complement

4. participle complement