Polite orders:

Çekiniz !                                      (Please,) Pull
İtiniz !                                          (Please,)  Push
El sürmeyiniz !                           (Please,) Don´t touch (with your hands)
Sigara içmeyiniz!                       (Please,) Don´t smoke
Cimenlere basmayınız !             (Please, )Don´t step on the lawn

emir kipi----->  imperative    [expresses a command or request]

Gel --> Come

Gelsin ---> Tell him/her to come

Geliniz --> Come [you [plural] ] --> Come you all.

Gelsinler ---> Tell them to come

emir tümcesi  -----> imperative sentence   [sentence of command]

Buraya gel. ---> Come here.

Perdeleri yıka ---> Wash the curtains.

Bu işi birlikte yapın ---> Do this job together.

Bunları onlar temizleyecek ---> They will clean these.

[Söyle ona ] Arabaya binsin ---> Tell him/her to get in the car.

eş sesli sözcükler -----> Homonym  

The words that are spelled same but meaning different.

 kara ----> Black

 kara ----> Land

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 Çay ----> Tea

 Çay ----> Stream,small river

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 Yaş ----> Age

 Yaş ----> Wet

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 Yüz -----> Hundred

 Yüz -----> Face

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eşanlamlı sözcükler -----> synonym 
 

The words that are spelled differently but meaning same.

Kara ----> Black

Siyah ---> Black

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Beyaz ---> White

Ak ------> White

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Yıl ------> Year

Sene ----> Year

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Surat ----> Face

Çehre ----> Face

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Dil -------> Language

Lisan -----> Language

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Al --------> Red

Kırmızı ----> Red

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Araba -----> Car

Otomobil ---> Car

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Armağan ----> Present [gift]

Hediye ------> Present [gift]

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Yanıt -------> Answer

Cevap -------> Answer

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Cimri ------> Stingy

Pinti -------> Stingy

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eşitlik derecesi-----> equative degree  

The structure that is formed by using "gibi" and " kadar" prepositions.

Ali kadar çalışkan çocuk yoktur ---> There is no child as hardworking as Ali.

Senin gibi birisini bulamam ---> I can´t find someone like you.

Türkçe düşündüğün kadar zor bir dil değil=Turkish is not a difficult language as you think.

Onlar gibi olmak istemiyorum ----> I don´t want to be like them.

Kimse onun kadar güzel değil ----> Nobody is as beautiful as her.

etken eylem----> active verb  
 

The verb that its subject is known.

Ayşe kediyi çok sever ---> Ayşe likes cat alot. [ who likes cat ? Ayşe , so subject [Ayşe] is known here ]

Hatice yeni bir elbise almış ---> [I heard that] Hatice bought a new garment. [ Who bought a new garment ? Hatice, so subject " Hatice" is known ]

I love the way even Turkish grammatical terms are transparent.

belir|t|me sıfatı: belirmek ´to become definite´ + causative -t- > the pronoun that makes the object known

belir|siz özne: the subject which is ´known + without´

benz|eş|mez|lik: the phenomen that something ´resembles each other´ + not

dön|üş|lü adıl: the pronoun that ´turns to itself´

etken >< ed|il|gen eylem: the passive marking inside the word, compare with edilmek ´to be done´.

As a result of the mentioned transparency:

Ettirgen eylem - factitive verb

Oldurgan eylem - causative verb

Not sure if there are such terms. Just speculating!

Edit: Even

Ettirilgen eylem - passive of factitive verb

Oldurulgan eylem - passive of causative verb

ettirgen eylem ---> causative verb

Causative verb in Turkish is formed by adding  -ir-, -tir- or -t onto the Verb Stems.

Arabasını yıkattı --> He got his car washed. [ He has his car washed]

Arabasını Hakana yıkattı ---> He made Hakan wash his car.

Arabasını Hakana yıkatıyor ---> He is making Hakan wash his car.

Arabasını Hakana yıkatacak ---> He is going to make Hakan wash his car.

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Oğluna bir mektup yazdırdı. [yazdırttı] ---> He/She made his/her son write a letter.

 I wonder why the last posts are not appearing ?