Kadar

Don´t work that much !

O kadar çalışma !

O kadar akıllı bir çocuk ki !

He/She is such a clever child !

How much is this ?

Bu ne kadar?

I studied Turkish until the morning.

Sabaha kadar Türkçe çalıştım.

They have enough money to pay the rent.

Kirayı ödeyebilecek  kadar paraları var.

You [all] are  as   generous  as  we are.

Siz bizim kadar cömertsiniz.

The more you study the more you will learn.

Ne kadar çok çalışırsan o kadar çok öğrenirsin.

Parlamentonun önünde yüz kadar gösterici toplanmıştı.

About [around] 100 demonstrators gathered in front of the parlament.

He/She will come in 10 minutes.

10 dakikaya kadar gelir.

Adjectif  habituel 

[Alışkanlık sıfatı ]

Suffix -ci comes on to some words/adjectives , and alter them into adjectif habituel. This kind of adjectives refer a person whom gained a habit.

Yalan + cı ---> Yalancı - Lier [ A person who has habit of lying.

Doğru  + cu ---> Doğrucu - Truthful [ A person who has habit of telling the truth always]

Şaka +  cı  ----> Şakacı - Joker [ A person who has habit of making jokes ]

İnat + çı ----> İnatçı - Stubborn [ A person who has habit of being stubborn ]

Dedikodu + cu ----> Dedikoducu - Gossiper [ A person who has habit of gossiping]

Ucuz + cu ---> Ucuzcu - A person who is always charging low prices. [A person who sells things cheaply ]

Akşam + cı ---> Akşamcı - A person who habitually spends his evenings drinking.

  Falan, filan, falanca, filanca

These are the pronouns of absolute indefinity [uncertainity] are often used as adjectives :

It can be translated as  ---> such and such , so and so

*  -ca may be added.

Falan adam ---> Such and such man

Filanca/filanca yer ---> Such and such a place

Falanca gün ---> Such and such a day

 -ivermek 

When we want to minimize the effort required to do something, we add -ivermek to the root or stem of the verb. The suffix also conveys the idea of ease, swiftness, a sudden unexpected action.

Bıçağı alıp ipi kesiverdi. ---> He/She suddently took the knife and cut the string.

İsmini şuraya yazıver. ---> Just write your name here.

-i, [ ı, u ,ü ] is added to the verb root [ -yi, -yı, -yü if it ends in a vowel ]

Then the regular verb "vermek" is used. It remains the same  [i.e  no changes for vowel harmony ], no matter what the form of -i.

al -ı - vermek 

iç - i -vermek

koş -u- vermek

öl - ü - vermek

* "Vermek" is conjugated just like the verb "to give ".

alıverir  misin ?

İçivermiş.

Koşuversin.

Ya ölüverirse ?

Examples :

-Elektrikler  kesiliverdi. --> The electricity was suddenly cut off.

- Kapı açılıverdi. --->  The door unexpectedly opened.

- Odaya giriverdi. --->  He/She  suddenly walked into the room.

- Piknikte hava bozuluverdi. ---> The weather suddenly worsened at the picnic.

- Pencere kırılıverdi. ---> The window broke unexpectedly.

 -dir 

dır -dir -dur -dür 

tır - tir - tur - tür

When -dir suffix attached on predicates [noun/verb predicate ] , it adds"possibility/guess " or "certanity" meanings.

- Şimdiye eve varmıştır. ---> He/She probably arrived home by now.[ probability ]

- Sigara sağlığa zararlıdır. --> [Smoking] Cigarette is bad for health.

[ It is a certain fact that smoking is bad for health ]

- Babam çok iyi bir insandır. ---> My father is a very good person. 

[ This is a certain fact that I belive, that my father is a very good person]

- Dedemi uzun zamandır görmedim. Yaşlanmıştır. ---> I haven´t seen my grandfather, He probably got older. 

[ It is strongly possible that my grandfather got older]

 -ecek olmak

Verb stem+ecek + ol-  

be about to ,  intend to ... ,  happen to ..., get to the point of just....-ing

Examples :

Present Continuous

Bir şey söyleyecek oluyor,  ama hemen vazgeçiyor.

He/She gets to the point of saying something, but soon changes his/her mind.

Aorist

Bir şey söyleyecek olur,  ama hemen vazgeçer.

He/She gets to the point of saying something, but soon changes his/her mind.

Reported past

Bir şey söyleyecek olmuş,  ama hemen vazgeçmiş.

Reportedly, He/She was [had been] just about to say something, but soon changed his/her mind.

Simple past

Bir şey söyleyecek oldu,  ama hemen vazgeçti.

He/She was  just about to say something, but soon changed his/her mind.

Conditional

Bir şey söyleyecek olsa, kalkar söyler.

If  He/She is [were] to say something, he/she gets up [would get up] and says [would say] it.

AZ KALDI 

AZ KALSIN 

When we want to say  that something almost happened we use "az kaldı " or "az kalsın" followed by the verb representing the action.

The verb following az kalsın or az kaldı ends either in -iyordum or -ecektim.

No other form can be used.

The idea this form conveys is : A little more and this would have happened.

- Az kalsın elimi kesiyordum. --> I almost cut my hand.

- Az kalsın köpeği ezecektik. --->  We almost ran over the dog.

- Az kaldı fincanı düşürecektin. ---> You almost dropped the cup.

- Az kalsın kayık batacaktı. ---->  The boat almost sank.

- Az kaldı merdivenden düşüyordum. --->  I almost fell down the stairs.

* Az daha is also used in the same way.

 -ELİ

This form is very smilar to - den beri.

To specify a period of time begining with some action in the past and continuing up to the present, we place -eli after the verb stem indicating that action.

- Buraya geleli hiç nezle olmadım. ---> I haven´t had a cold since I came here.

- Evi satalı üç defa apartman değiştirdim. ----> Since I sold the house I have changed apartments three times.

* The -eli suffix can only be used with a verb stem. This is one of the points in which it differs from the -den beri form.

The other important difference is that the -eli form is used when the whole period is measured and not the activity during that period.

- Ali işini bırakalı üç ay oluyor. ---> It is 3 months now since Ali quit his job.

* -eli marks the begining of a period. It does not indicate person or take personal endings if the subject of the verb with -eli is other than the subject of the main clause, it should be indicated by the appropriate noun or pronoun.

-Sen gideli hiç bir şeyde zevk kalmadı. ---> Since you´ve gone there is no joy left in anything.

* A second characteristic of this form is that it can be used with a negative verb.

- Ondan mektup almayalı kaç ay oluyor ? ---> How long [How many months] it has been since you last heard from him ? 

  Word duplication with "M"

Repetition of a word or a portion of a word is a very common point in Turkish. There is a pattern where the repeated word always begins with m, but otherwise identical to the word that goes it and serves as the model.

* If the word begins with a vowel , and m is added to the begining of the word.

Adam madam

Ev mev

Işık mışık

İnek minek 

Uyku muyku 

Ördek mördek

* If the word begins with a consonat other than m, the consonant is replaced by m in the word.

Kadın madın

Toımbul mombul

Su mu

Kemal memal

Yazı mazı

* If the word begins with an m, then we use the word "falan ", "filan", instead of repeating the word.

Masa filan

Mektup falan

* This form serves to extend the meaning of the first word to include smilar things.

When we say , "Odada dolap molap yok", we mean " There are no cupboards or things like cupboards in the room "

- Bahçede çiçek miçek görmedim. ---> I didn´t see any flowers or anything resembling a flower.

* The repetition of a word with change of the initial consonant to m is possible with any word and it is very widely used.

* Sometimes it is used when upset/angry like : 

- Ekmek mekmek almam ben ! ---> I won´t buy any bread or something like that !

- Kahve mahve yapmam ben ! ---> I won´t make any coffee or something like that !

- Şeker meker yok sıze ! ---> No sugar or something like that for you ! 

 Haydi [Hadi]

This word is said to encourage or urge a person on ---->

Haydi iş başına !  ----> Come on ! Back to work !

Haydi ne bekliyorsun ! ---> Come on! What are you waiting for ?

Haydi oğlum, çabuk ol !  ----> Come on son, hurry up !

* When doubled , especially the contracted form "hadi", it means " Come on..", "Get off it "

Hadi hadi ! Kimi aldatıyorsun ?

  Henüz

still/only/yet/just

- Bunları anlayabilmek için henüz çok küçüksün.

You are still too young to be able to understand these.

- Henüz saat üç ! 

It´s only three o´clock.

- Henüz saat üç bile değil !

It´s not even three o´clock yet !

- Kapı çalındığında henüz kalkmıştık.

When the doorbell rang we had just got up.

- Kapı çalındığında henüz kalkmamıştık.

When the doorbell rang we had not got up yet.