yes that makes sense now. Thank you for your help!

 A ! , YA !

When ´´a´´  or  ´´ya´´  are placed after a verb, it makes the statement more emphatic.  ´´A´´ or ´´YA´´ is not affected by the rules of vowel harmony. They can be used interchangeably depending on rhythm or style, but mostly ´´ya´´ is used. It is not used with command forms.

Olur a ! Dünyada herşey mümkün. ---> Certainly it could happen ! Everything is possible in this world.

Verdim ya ! Daha ne istiyorsun ? ---> I gave it, didn´t I ? What else do you want ?

Gidiyor ya ! Üzülecek ne var ? --->  He is going, isn´t he ? What is there to worry about ?

* The ´´a´´ or ´´ya´´  is added at the very end.

- Veriyorum ya !

- Aldın ya !

- Bulduk ya !

* There is a feeling of  impatience as well as emphasis in the attitude of the person using this form.

-iyor değil

Here the -iyor suffix makes the verb a state or progressive action. Adding ´´değil´´  makes the verb negative. Sometimes two negative suffix can be put :

 -ma + iyor   değil  ----> In this case, the statement becomes positive.

 negative +  negative = positive

Bilmiyor değilim. ---> Don´t think that I don´t know about it.

This is used when something has been said implying ignorance and lack of awareness.

Examples :

Anlamıyor değilim.  ---> I DO understand. [ don´t thınk I don´t ]

Bunları bilmiyor değilsin. ---> I know that you DO know these things.

Onu tanımıyor değilim. ---> I DO know him/her. [ Don´t think I don´t ]

 Meğer [Meğerse ]

This is used with a clause giving the true facts as against what we mistakenly thought were the true.

-Ben onu genç sanıyordum meğer yaşlıymış.

I thought he/she was young, but I found out that  he/she is old.

- Ben onun gittiğini sanıyordum meğerse gitmemiş.

I thought he/she had gone, but he/she hadn´t.

* The important thing to remember about ´´meğer´´ is that the true facts are something you discover later. It is for this reason that the verb of the clause following ´´ meğer ´´ is always in -miş form.

Gittikçe

Gittikçe refers a gradual change [increase or decrease ]. We use gittikçe followed by another verb that represents the nature of that change.

Dersler gittikçe kolaylaşıyor.  ---> The lessons are gradually getting easier.

Gittikçe daha az sigara içiyorum.  ---> I am smoking less and less.

Kiralar gittikçe yükseliyor. ---> Rents are gradually increasing.

E !

This has various meanings : acceptance, corroboration, astonishment, impatience, weariness.

[short and staccato]

E ! Öyleyse gidelim !  ---> Well, let´s go then !   [acceptance, weariness]

E ! Orası  doğru ! ---> Well, that is so.  [ corroboration ]

E ! Sonra ne yaptın ? ----> Well, what did you do then ? [astonishment, curiousity ]

E ! Yeter artık ! ---> That´s enough now ! [ impatience]

Hah !

This is used when we want to express the thought ´´ There ! ´´  or  ´´ You´ve hit the nail on the head ! ´´

Hah ! Şimdi anladım.----> There ! Now I´ve understood it.

Hah !  ----> There [Now you´ve got it ! ]

Hah ! işte burada duralım. ----> Here ! This is fine ! Let´s stop right here.

Hah ! Benim de demek istediğim buydu. ---> Right ! That´s exactly what I meant.

´´ Olmak ´´  as an independent verb

If a word or word group is the subject of ´´ olmak ´´, then olmak is an independent verb.

Olmak = to be / to have / to happen/ to be ready

Burada her gün bir kaza oluyor. ---> There is an accident everyday here.

Dışarıda bir telaş oldu. ---> There was a panic outside.

Her gün fırtına oluyor. ---> Everday there is a storm. [everyday is stormy]

Evimizin bahçesi olmalı --> Our house must have a garden.

Кimseye birşey olmadı. ---> Nothing happened to anybody.

iki yıl oldu. ---> It has been two years.

Yarın misafirimiz olacak. ---> We will have a guest tomorrow.

Çay oldu mu ? ---> Is tea ready ?

I have two questions.

Firstly, related to A and Ya. 

Is using any of them may be considered impolite or rude. 

Secondly,

Is using değil with -iyor resemble mi in a way or another? 

Do you only use it with -iyor zaman, I mean is it used with -er zaman?

Herşey için teşekkürler. 

  Olur / Olmaz  

* In some cases, Olur / Olmaz  can be used in the sense of  "Yes" or "No".

* Olmaz can be considered as strong "Hayır ", it may even mean " No way"

- Çay içer misin ? ---> Would you drink tea ?

- İyi olur.  ---> [Yes] that will be good.

- Burada sigara içebilir miyim ?  ----> Can I smoke here ?

- Maalesef olmaz. ----> Unfortunately, NO [you can´t ]

- Olmaz !  Buraya giremezsiniz. ----> No [way], you can NOT enter in here.