Olur / Olmaz  

* In some cases, Olur / Olmaz  can be used in the sense of  "Yes" or "No".

* Olmaz can be considered as strong "Hayır ", it may even mean " No way"

- Çay içer misin ? ---> Would you drink tea ?

- İyi olur.  ---> [Yes] that will be good.

- Burada sigara içebilir miyim ?  ----> Can I smoke here ?

- Maalesef olmaz. ----> Unfortunately, NO [you can´t ]

- Olmaz !  Buraya giremezsiniz. ----> No [way], you can NOT enter in here.

Hiatus

 Hiatus which is " the occurrence of two vowel sounds "does not normally seen in Turkish words. However it is seen in some loanwords , such as :

saat  

şair

fiil

arkeoloji

daima

fiil

* It may be seen some Turkish compound words. 

* When a word ending with a vowel joins to another word starting with a vowel in order to form a compound word, one of the vowel drops or buffer letter comes.

Ne + asıl ---> Nasıl   ---> Here, one of the vowel dropped.

gide + im ---> Gideyim  ---> Here, buffer letter [y] binds two vowels.

demek 

In some cases the adverbial form of the verb "demek" ---> "diye"[by saying/thinking ] precedes these verbs :

- Ne yapıyorsunuz ? diye sordu "--> He/She asked [saying] what are you doing?

- " Hayır hiç görmedim" diye cevap verdi. ---> He/She answered [saying] "No, I haven´t seen at all "

- Öğretmen öğrencileri, "sessiz olun !" diye uyardı. ----> The teacher warned the students [by saying] " be quite ! "

- Anne, bakıcıya "Çocuklara iyi bak " diye tembih etti. ---> The mother admonished the carer [by saying ] " look after the kids well "

- Öğretmen, " Ödevlerinizi unutmayın"  diye ekledi.  ---> The teacher added [by saying] "Don´t forget your homeworks ".

- "Mektuplarımı açmayın " diye size kaç defa rica ettim.---> How many times I pleaded with you [by saying] " Do not to open my letters ".

- " Acaba başına bir iş mi geldi " diye merak ettim.  ---> I worried about you [by thinking ] if something happened to you.

 Five forms of the question "WHERE" [NERE]

NERE : This is a singular root of the question "Where" and it is rarely used without ending.

Burası  nere ? ---> Where is here ? 

* Although it should be "neresi", you may hear people using it without ending in questions like that.

NEREDE : " In , on, at , where ? ". It asks the locality of the subject, and it is always used together with a verb " to be ", and the verbs thhat give a "da, de" ending to the object "

Postane nerede ? ---> [At] Where  is the post office ?

NEREYE : "to towards where ?" It asks to where the action of  the subject is directed, and is used together with the verbs that give an "-a,-e " ending to the object. [dative verbs]

- Nereye gidiyorsun ? ---> [To] Where are you going ?

NEREYİ :  "Where". It is always with the verbs that give an "i,ı " endings to the object. [Accusative verbs]

- Nereyi aldın ? ---> Where did you buy ?

- Burayı aldım. ---> I bought here.

NEREDEN : " From where ?",  " Out of where  ? " . It asks from where, or out of where the action is taking place. 

- Nereden gideceğiz ? ---> From where we will go ?

NERESİ :   "Where ? " , meaning what place ?, which country ?, city, room etc..  It points out a part of a whole.

- Almanya´nın neresinde yaşıyorsun ? ---> In what part of Germany you are living ?

e [a] durmak 

This form is used when we want to indicate that an activity is to continue.This is preferred form when we want to tell a person to go on doing something.

Verb stem +  e [a]dur + person

git            + edur       +   un ---> you [plural] keep going

- Siz gidedurun ben birazdan gelirim.

  You keep going, I´ll follow you shortly.

- O oturadursun biz gideceğiz.

  Have him keep sitting, we are going.

- Sen yiyedur ben giyineceğim.

You keep on eating while I get dressed. [I´ll get dressed]

- Siz  kahvaltınızı yapadurun biz bekleriz.

You keep on eating breakfast while we wait. [we´ll wait for you]

-memezlik  etmek 

When we want to impress upon a person that he must not fail to dosomething or, to put it another way, he must be sure to do something, we add - memezlik [-mamazlık ] to  the verb stem followed by etme, etmeyelim, etmeyin, etc..

 Verb stem + memezlik [mamazlık ] + etme.....

Sometimes the word " sakın " is placed before the sentence for an extra emphasis.

- Sakın gitmemezlik etme ! ----> Now be sure to go ! [ Don´t fail not to go ]

- Söyle , gelmemezlik etmesin ! ---> Tell him/her to be sure to come !

- Dersine çalışmamazlık etme !  ---> Make sure you study your lessons !

- Doktora gitmemezlik etmeyin ! ---> Make sure you [plural] do go to the doctor !

  -mak[mek] bilmiyor

Verb stem + mak [mek]   + bilmiyor 

This construction refers  the actions which never seem to ending. It has sense of being fed up, feeling displeasure with its slowness or never ending.

-Zaman geçmek bilmiyor. ---> Time never seem to passing.

- Misafirler kalkmak bilmiyor. ---->  The guests never seem to leaving. 

We made this kind of statement above it is because we are not happy  the guests who are staying too long and seem not to leave soon.

- Durmak bilmiyor. ---> He/She doesn´t  seem to stop.

* We can change the tense of  "bilmek".

- Günler geçmek bilmiyordu. ---> The days went by very slowly. [ didn´tseem to pass ]

Artık

Artık can be translated into English in couple of ways 

* Now, as of some unspecified point of time in the immediate past. 

Artık müdür oldum. ---> I am a manager now. [ I am no longer an ordinary officer ]

* Now, as of some specified point of time in the immediate future :

Artık ev alacağım. ---> I am going to buy a house now.

* No longer

Artık yürüyemiyordu. ---> He/She was no longer able to walk.

* Any more

Artık çalışmayı sevmiyor.  ---> He/She doesn´t like studying any more.

* now [expressing anger ]

Sus artık !  ----> Shut up now !  [Don´t speak anymore, you have spoken enough ! ]

Exclamatory sentences with "Ne" 

- Ne şans !  ---> What a luck ! 

- Siz  ne kadar  iyisiniz !   -----> How nice [good, kind] you are !

- Ne [kadar ] güzel bir bebek !  ---> What a beautiful baby !

- Ne [kadar] güzel konuşuyor  ---> How beautifully [nicely] he/she speaks !

- O gün ne kadar gülmüştük, değil mi ? ---> How [much] we [had] laughed that day, didn´t [hadn´t ] we?

* "kadar" is optional.

* Alternatively the word " Ne" can be replaced by " Amma " to denote exaggeration in informal speech.

The variant forms of causative suffix are distributed in their use as follows:

-dir [dır, dur, dür " ] 

After verb forms ending in a consonant except for those ending in "l " or " r "and having more than one syllable.

-t 

After verb forms ending in a vowel except for the two verbs  ye- and de-which are followed by -dir --->

yedir -

dedir -

Also, after polysyllabic verb forms ending in " l " or "r ".

-ır 

After about tweny monosyllabic verb roots.  

bat-

bit-

doğ-

duy-

düş-

geç-

iç-

kaç-

piş-

yat-

ut-

After a very few monosyllabic verb roots ending in "k". 

kok-

kork-

er-

After four or five monosyllabic verb roots.

çık-

Note : The transitive verb forms of gel-, git- and gör- are, quite irregularly,                                                     getir, götür- and göster

  Kadar

Don´t work that much !

O kadar çalışma !

O kadar akıllı bir çocuk ki !

He/She is such a clever child !

How much is this ?

Bu ne kadar?

I studied Turkish until the morning.

Sabaha kadar Türkçe çalıştım.

They have enough money to pay the rent.

Kirayı ödeyebilecek  kadar paraları var.

You [all] are  as   generous  as  we are.

Siz bizim kadar cömertsiniz.

The more you study the more you will learn.

Ne kadar çok çalışırsan o kadar çok öğrenirsin.

Parlamentonun önünde yüz kadar gösterici toplanmıştı.

About [around] 100 demonstrators gathered in front of the parlament.

He/She will come in 10 minutes.

10 dakikaya kadar gelir.