That´s a good idea. How come I never thought about that?

You have worked so much, scalpel. No matter what I try to do on this site, I always stay indebted. Sağ ol. (But now you know how to change a tire, don´t you?)

Ok, the king and the queen are closer to my level. But...I can imagine free word order is powerful in poetry, especially when there are rules or practices which you can break.

You are not exactly from devrik cümle school, scalpel.

These problems in choosing the correct words are so upsetting. They can spoil a long-thought sentence and make it look like a joke. This proves how limited dictionaries are: I am using many of them at the same time and I´m probably not the most blue-eyed user but still it´s a mess sometimes. Maybe I should have read some motorists´ user manuals instead. Seriously.

The first impression of Turkish personal pronouns is that you hardly ever see them, except in the beginners’ translation attempts  -  soon deleted by the teachers. According to statistics, the impression seems to be only partly true. I took a look at word frequencies in English and Turkish. I don’t know if the materials are comparable, but surprisingly ben and o are among the ten most usual words in Turkish just like I and both he and it are in English. sen, though, is much less frequent than you (despite of the many meanings of the latter). If we also ignore o because lack of gender may create the wrong image, I still have ben in my hands and I can’t understand its high rank. Maybe one of the natives can explain it.

Personal pronouns in subject position are usually dropped. The detailed system of personal verb conjugation gives a chance to this. At least in certain types of texts like practical istructions pronouns in object position also have to go. When ben, sen, o… become visible in a sentence there is usually a reason for it. This has been studied by scholars. Most of the cases mentioned in grammars are intuitively obvious even for a learner, like signalling change of topic, sentence stress or contrasts between possible situations or NP referents.

A couple of syntactic reasons for showing the personal pronoun should be mentioned, though:

1. The referent of the 3^rd person genitive marked pronoun is always someone else than the subject of the clause. There is a crucial difference between the sentences

Semra onun anahtarlarını kaybetmış

Semra anahtarlarını kaybetmış.

2. You have to show the pronoun when the 3^rd person subject has been introduced in another syntactic position in the previous sentence:

Kitabı Zerrin’e verdim. O ne zamandır onu okumak istiyordu.

(Göksel – Kerslake, Turkish: a Comprehensive Grammar 2005. Enç, an article in Studies in Turkish Linguistics 1986.)

I thought I was in good terms with the word order but it seems I still make some strange choices. Copy paste of my brain doesn´t seem to work.

Quote:scalpel

... just use the verb kal- (stay)..you can trust its power

It´s difficult for a learner to trust a verb which can mean just about anything. You feel like you have to tie the meaning from every direction  -  and that makes 50 per cent longer sentences.

için with participle phrase doesn´t work as an adverbial phrase or what? I mean why the genetive subject NP?

Is bir indefinite article here? I have seen bir + ACC before but not this close to the governing verb.

Because...I didn´t know if I can use the object of değiştirmek in this position.

Thanks, scalpel (and good night). Great posts. Tomorrow.

My Try:

I live my own life in my own world and follow my own moral. I don´t have to render my account to anyone but Allah.

I´m always asking for something:

1. Have you ever gotten stuck on the side of the road with a flat? Hiç yolun etrafında patlak bir lastikten dolayı saplanıp kaldınız mı?

2. Do you want to be able to change a tire without having to ask for help? Bir lastik yardım talep etmek zorunda kalmadan değiştirebilmek istiyor musunuz?

3. Fortunately, changing a tire is a pretty simple task, provided you´re prepared and willing to exert a little effort. İyi ki hazırlıklı olup küçük bir çaba sarfetmek isterseniz lastiğin değiştirilmesi oldukça basit bir iştir.

4. If you are near a road, park as far from traffic as possible and turn on your hazard lights. Yolun yakınında bulunursanız, trafikten mümkün olduğunca uzakta park edip tehlike ışıklarınızı yakınız.

5. If you have a standard transmission, put your vehicle in first or reverse. Normal şanzımanınız varsa aracınızı birinci ya da geri vitese alınız.

6. Place a heavy object (e.g., rock, brick, spare wheel) in front of the front and back tires. Ağır bir cisim (örneğin taş, tuğla, yedek lastik) ön ve arka tekerleklerin önüne koyunuz.

7. Remove the hub cap and loosen the nuts by turning counterclockwise. Tekerlek kapağını çıkarıp saat yönünün tersine çevirerek somunları gevşediniz.

8. Raise the jack until it is supporting  -  but not lifting  -  the car. Krikoyu arabayı destekleyinceye ama havaya kaldırıncaya kadar değil yükseltiniz.

9. You need to lift the car high enough to remove the flat tire and replace it with a spare. Patlak lastiği çıkarıp yerine yedeğini koymak için arabayı yeterince yükseğe kaldırmalısınız.

10. As you lift, make sure that the car is stable. Kaldırırken araba sabit mi bir bakınız.

11. If the jack is placed on a flat, solid base, you shouldn´t have any problems. Kriko düz katı tabana yerleştirilirse, sorunlarınız olmamalı.

12. Tighten the nuts by hand until they are all snug. Somunları el ile bütünü sıkı oluncaya kadar daralınız.

13. They should turn easily at first. Onlar ilk olarak kolay çevirilebilmeli.

14. Lower the car without applying full weight on the tire. Arabayı tam ağırlığını lastiğin üzerine vermeksizin indiriniz. 

15. In Finland winter tyres are compulsory from 1st December to the end of February unless otherwise indicated by road signs. Finlandya’da, trafik işaretleriyle ayrıca belirtilmedikçe kış lastiği Aralığın 1’isinden Șubatın sonuna zorunludur. 

Good ideas need to be combined with good routines. Then you get things done. It took me a long time to understand this.